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(Positive) Psychologie

 

Psyche; Maler: John William Waterhouse


 

Wortherkunft

Die Übersetzung des Wortes "Psychologie" (aus dem Griechischen ψυχολογία) bedeutet "Lehre von der Seele" und ist als solche für alle spirituell interessierten Menschen von großer Bedeutung.

 

Im wissenschaftlichen Mainstream hat die Psychologie die Seele weitgehend verloren und wird als "die empirische Wissenschaft zur Beschreibung, Erklärung und Vorhersage (Prognose) vom Erleben und Verhalten des Menschen, deren Entwicklung in der Lebensspanne und deren inneren und äußeren Ursachen und Bedingungen" definiert.

Ergebnisse der Glücksforschung

12 % Deutsche sind "Glücklich Erblühte". – Ergebnis einer europäischen Glückstudie der britischen Psychologin Professorin Felicia Huppert der Universität Cambridge in England.

 

Nach langjähriger Glücksforschung fand Dr. Barbara Fredrickson, Kenan Distinguished Professorin für (Positive) Psychologie, Universität von North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Gewinnerin des Templetonpreises die 3-zu-1-Formel für innere Zufriedenheit.
Wenn man jeweils einem schlechten Erlebnis drei gute gegenüberstellt, entfaltet sich ein wohliges Grundgefühl in einem.
Es lohnt sich, jedem aufkommenden negativen Gedanken, den man bewusst wahrnimmt, mindestens drei positive gegenüberzustellen.

Anekdoten aus der Psychologie

Frederick S. Perls, der US-amerikanische Vater der Gestalttherapie, Autor von Büchern wie Das Ich, der Hunger und die Aggression wollte auch in seiner Sterbestunde im Krankenhaus die Kontrolle  behalten:
Eine Krankenschwester berichtet davon, dass sie dem sterbenskranken Perls geraten hatte, im Bett zu bleiben und die Bettpfanne zu benutzen, anstatt zur Toilette zu gehen, da ihm das Aufstehen gegenwärtig das Leben kosten könne. Ungeachtetdessen hievte er sich aus dem Bett und sagte:

Niemand sagt mir, was ich tun soll.

Es waren seine letzten Worte, ehe er zu Boden fiel und starb.

 

  • I am I – and you are you.
    I am not in this world to live up to your expectations.
    And you are not in this world to live up to mine.
    I do my thing – and you do your thing
    and if by chance we meet – it's beautiful.
    And if not – it can't be helped.
    Fritz Perls (1893-1970) German-born US American psychiatrist,
    psychotherapist, Gestalt Therapy pioneer

Kriterien für psychische Gesundheit

Sich "angstfrei, akzeptiert, geliebt und liebevoll, achtenswert und geachtet zu fühlen" erfüllt nach dem Psychologen Abraham Maslow die Anforderungen für seelische Gesundheit.

 

Abraham Maslow, der bekannte US-amerikanische Glücksforscher, übersuchte in den sechziger Jahren im Rahmen einer Studie zur psychologischen Gesundheit dreitausend Collegestudenten, ob sie den Kriterien für psychische Gesundheit erfüllten.
Unter allen Kandidaten fand Maslow nur einen einzigen geeigneten Probanden, der die Kriterien erfüllte.

Zitate zum Thema (Positive) Psychologie und Psychotherapie / (Positive) Psychology

Zitate allgemein

  • Nach allem, was wir wissen, führt der Weg zu einem besseren Leben nicht über Euphorie oder Ekstase, sondern über die unscheinbare 3-zu-1-Formel. Interview mit Dr. Barbara Fredrickson, US-amerikanische Kenan Distinguished Professorin für (Positive) Psychologie, Universität von North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Glücksforscherin, Gewinnerin des Templetonpreises, Psychologie heute

 

  • Die Psychologie hat in ihrer langen Geschichte stets einen starken Hang zur monadischen Auffassung vom Menschen gezeigt und daher zur Reifikation (Verdinglichung) dessen, was sich nun mehr und mehr als komplexe Strukturen (patterns) und Wechselwirkungen erweist. Paul Watzlawick (1921-2007) österreichisch-amerikanischer Kommunikationswissenschaftler, Psychotherapeut, Psychoanalytiker, Soziologe, Philosoph, Autor, Janet H. Beavin, Don D. Jackson, Menschliche Kommunikation. Formen, Störungen, Paradoxien, 'Pragmatische Axiome – ein Definitionsversuch', S. 23, Huber Hans, Erstauflage 1967, 10. unveränderte Auflage, März 2000

 

  • Die meisten Leute erzählen einem, dass sie aus dem Kindergarten heraus wollen. Glauben Sie ihnen nicht. Glauben Sie ihnen wirklich nicht! Alles, was sie wollen, ist, ihr kaputtes Spielzeug wieder repariert bekommen:
    „Ich möchte meine Frau wiederhaben.
    Ich möchte meinen Arbeitsplatz wiederhaben.
    Ich möchte mein Geld wiederhaben, mein Ansehen, meinen Erfolg!“
Nur das möchten sie: ihr Spielzeug zurück. Das ist alles. Sogar der beste Psychologe wird Ihnen sagen, dass die Leute eigentlich nicht geheilt werden wollen. Was sie wollen, ist Linderung und Trost, denn eine Heilung ist schmerzhaft. Anthony de Mello SJ (1931-1987) indischer katholischer Jesuitenpriester, Psychotherapeut, geistiger Lehrer

Zitate (engl.) allgemein

  • Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is.
    Treat a man as he can and should be, and he will become as he can and should be.
    Johann Wolfgang Goethe [LoC 465] (1749-1832) German poet, polymath, playwright

 

  • We're learning that positive emotions involve neural structures that are more mutable and subject to change. The preliminary evidence suggests that our propensity for positive emotion is inherited, but less so than negative emotions. That's an amazing message – you can cultivate these things. If you're 65, and you suddenly have this insight about life, you probably can shift gears. That's what the Dalai Lama is trying to teach us. Dacher Keltner, US American professor of psychology, Berkeley; cited in: Public Affairs, presented by UC Berkeley News, Carol Hyman, 3. November 2003

 

  • The problem with psychoanalysis is that it purports to be able to cure people. This possibility I doubt very much. Freud was a doctor. So I guess he got paid to fix things and got carried away. But his view of the unconscious basis of decision making was essentially correct. We do not know how we decide things, and in a sense we don't really care. Roger Schank, US American psychologist, computer scientist, author, designing world-class E-Learning, What Do You Believe Is True, Edge.org

 

  • Eudaemonia, the good life, which is what Thomas Jefferson and Aristotle meant by the pursuit of happiness. They did not mean smiling a lot and giggling. Aristotle talks about the pleasures of contemplation and the pleasures of good conversation. Aristotle is not talking about raw feeling, about thrills, about orgasms. Aristotle is talking about what Mike Csikszentmihalyi works on, and that is, when one has a good conversation, when one contemplates well. When one is in eudaemonia, time stops. You feel completely at home. Self-consciousness is blocked. You're one with the music. Professor Martin Seligman, US American founder of Positive Psychology, presented by Edge The Third Culture, 23. March 2004

 

  • If the development of civilization has such a far-reaching similarity to the development of the individual and if it employs the same methods, may we not be justified in reaching the diagnosis that, under the influence of cultural urges, some civilizations. [...] possibly the whole of mankind, have become neurotic? Sigmund Freud [LoC 499] (1856-1939) Austrian neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis, deep psychologist

 

  • Most people tell you they want to get out of kindergarten, but don't believe them. Don't believe them! All they want you to do is to mend their broken toys.
    "Give me back my wife.
    Give me back my job.
    Give me back my money.
    Give me back my reputation, my success."
This is what they want; they want their toys replaced. That's all. Even the best psychologist will tell you that, that people don't really want to be cured. What they want is relief; a cure is painful.
Anthony de Mello SJ (1931-1987) Indian Catholic Jesuit priest, psychotherapist, spiritual leader

 

  • In the office of the modern psychoanalyst, the stages of the hero-adventure come to light again in the dreams and hallucinations of the patient. Depth beyond depth of self-ignorance is fathomed, with the analyst in the role of the helper, an initiatory priest. And always [...] the adventure develops into a journey of darkness, horror, disgust, and phantasmagoric fears. Joseph Campbell (1904-1987) US American mythologist, expert in comparative mythology and comparative religion, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, pg. 121, Princeton University Press, 1949

 

  • People have to suffer enough emotionally before they are ready to wake up. And what I was doing as a psychotherapist was easing the suffering. People have to suffer enough in a relationship that they get disillusioned with all relationships [...] before they wake up and say: "I'm sick of it. There must be another way of living than depending on another human being."
    [...] Sometimes what I was doing as a phychotherapist was a help and sometimes – I'm sorry to say – it wasn't because it kept that sleep. [...]
    May be they ought to touch rock bottom. [...] It's only when you say that you are sick of your sickness that you get out of it. Most people go to a psychotherapist or a psychologist to get relief. Video lecture by Anthony de Mello SJ (1931-1987) Indian Jesuit priest, psychotherapist, spiritual leader, on Wake Up to Life! – Awareness – On psychology, presented by Center for Spiritual Exchange and Tabor Publishing, 1986, YouTube film, minute 0:36 out of 7:34 minutes duration, posted 25. November 2008

 

  • The tipping point ratio is 3-to-1. We need three positive emotions to lift us up for every negative emotion that drags us down. Video presentation by Dr. Barbara Fredrickson, US American Kenan Distinguished Professor of (Positive) Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Positive Emotions, presented by UNCCH, YouTube film, 8:33 minutes duration, posted 26. January 2009

Englische Texte – English section on Psychology

Optimists versus pessimists

Optimists tend to be more stress-hardy, more happy, draw less illnesses and live longer.
Pessimists tend to be much less happy, draw more illnesses and die earlier.


 

The founder of Positive psychology Dr. Martin Seligman distinguishes pessimism and optimism by differentiating the attributional styles of people.

 

  • Selfabsorbed pessimists take life's challenges [job loss, disease, divorce] as a personal, pervasive, permanent threat (the 3 Ps).
    • They take difficult situations in life as personal.
    • They see problems as pervasive.
    • They see their problems as permanent. ["It is never going to change."]

 

  • Realistic optimists take life's challenges more stress hardy by seeing them as possibilities for change for the better.
    • They see things realistically as a challenge for ingenuity and change.
    • They keep a sense of sovereignity – in areas where they (still) have it.
    • They have a commitment to a world view that expands possibilities.

Classic Psychology Experiments / Klassische Psychologie-Experimente

Listing of important psychology studies and experiments effective in changing the general outlook on human behavior.

  1. Pavlov's Classical Conditioning Experiments with dogs by Ivan Pavlov, Nobel Prize winner (1904)
    On the concept of classical conditioning.
  2. The Asch Conformity Experiments by Solomon Asch during the 1950s
    On the conformity levels to which people follow or rebel against social norms.
  3. Harlow's Rhesus Monkey Experiments by Harry Harlow during the 1960s
    On the science of love and the nature of affection, demonstrating devastating effects of deprivation on young rhesus monkeys in an unethical and shockingly cruel way, outlining the importance of love for healthy childhood development.
  4. The Milgram Obedience Experiment by Stanley Milgram in New Haven in 1961
    Participants delivered electrical shocks by order to a fake "learner" after an incorrect answers were given. To demonstrate the degree of willingness to obey commands of an authority figure; 65% of the testees delivered the maximum level of shocks despite serious distress signs by the learners.
  5. The Stanford Prison Experiment by Philip Zimbardo in 1971
    Simulation experiment with students in the roles of prisoners and prison guards. The experiment was to last for two weeks. After six days it was halted due to abusiveness of guard testees who put  prisoner testees under extreme stress and anxiety.
    Source: Kendra Van Wagner, On psychology experiments, presented by About.com, 30. October 2009

 


 

Not enough cow dung!

Johnny goes to modeling class in his school for special [mentally retarded] children and he gets his piece of putty and he's modeling it. He takes a little lump of putty and goes to a corner of the room and he's playing with it.
The teacher comes up to him and says,

"Hi, Johnny."
And Johnny says,
"Hi."

And the teacher says,

"What's that you've got in your hand?"

And Johnny says,

"This is a lump of cow dung."

The teacher asks,

"What are you making out of it?"

He says,

"I'm making a teacher."

The teacher thought,

"Little Johnny has regressed."

So she calls out to the principal, who was passing by the door at that moment, and says,

"Johnny has regressed."

So the principal goes up to Johnny and says,

"Hi, son."

And Johnny says,

"Hi."

And the principal says,

"What do you have in your hand?"

And he says,

"A lump of cow dung."
"What are you making out of it?"

And he says,

"A principal."

The principal thinks that this is a case for the school psychologist.

"Send for the psychologist!"

The psychologist is a clever guy. He goes up and says,

"Hi."

And Johnny says,

"Hi."

And the psychologist says,

"I know what you've got in your hand." "What?" "A lump cow dung."

Johnny says,

"Right."
"And I know what you're making out of it."
"What?"
"You're making a psychologist."
"Wrong. Not enough cow dung!"

 

Source: Video lecture by Anthony de Mello SJ (1931-1987) Indian Jesuit priest, psychotherapist, spiritual leader, on Wake Up to Life! – Awareness – On psychology, presented by Center for Spiritual Exchange and Tabor Publishing, 1986, YouTube film, minute 2:03 out of 7:34 minutes duration, posted 25. November 2008

Gestalt Prayer

The Gestalt Prayer
I am I – and you are you.

I do my thing and you do your thing.
I am not in this world to live up to your expectations
And you are not in this world to live up to mine.

You are you and I am I.
And if by chance we find each other, it's beautiful,
If not, it can't be helped.'''

Fritz Perls (1893-1970) German-born US American psychiatrist,
psychotherapist, Gestalt Therapy pioneer

 

Links zum Thema (Positive) Psychologie / (Positive) Psychology

Literatur

Literatur (engl.)

Externe Weblinks

Externe Weblinks (engl.)


  • I-Messages and You-Messages, presented by The Conflict Resolution Information Source (CRInfo) version VI, Heidi Burgess, co-director, conflict research consortium university of Colorado, 1999-2010

Audio- und Videolinks

  • Video TV Präsentation von George Pennington, in Deutschland lebender Psychologe, Trainer und Coach, 1. Folge der Sendereihe Bewusst leben. Psychologie für den Alltag, präsentiert von TV-Sender BR alpha, gesendet 2005, YouTube Film, eingestellt 21. Mai 2009

Audio- und Videolinks (engl.)

  • TV interview with Dr. Barbara Fredrickson, US American Kenan Distinguished Professor of (Positive) Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Templeton award winner, presented by UNC TV People, North Carolina, host William Friday, YouTube film, posted 8. November 2008
  • Video lecture by Anthony de Mello SJ (1931-1987) Indian Catholic Jesuit priest, psychotherapist, spiritual leader, on Wake Up to Life! – Awareness – On psychology, part 5, presented by Center for Spiritual Exchange and Tabor Publishing, 1986, YouTube film, 7:34 minutes duration, posted 25. November 2008
    People have to suffer enough in a relationship that they get disillusioned with all relationships.
  • Video presentation by Dr. Barbara Fredrickson, Kenan Distinguished Professor of (Positive) Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Positive Emotions, presented by UNCCH, YouTube film, 8:33 minutes duration, posted 26. January 2009
    The tipping point ratio is 3-to-1. We need three positive emotions to lift us up for every negative emotion that drags us down.
  • TV interview with Dr. Barbara Fredrickson, Kenan Distinguished Professor of (Positive) Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Templeton award winner, presented by UNC TV People, North Carolina, host William Friday, March 2009, YouTube film, posted 15. June 2009
  • Audio interview with Barbara Fredrickson, US American Kenan Distinguished Professor of (Positive) Psychology, lead investigator at the Positive Emotions and Psychophysiology Laboratory (PEP Lab), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Templeton award winner, Positivity Quest Beginnings, presented by web radio Loveologist Radio, host Wendy Strgar, 50:47 minutes duration, aired 11. June 2010
    Human tendency to negativity

Audio- und Videolinks (engl.) – Martin Seligman

Audio- und Videolinks (engl.) – Tal Ben-Shahar

 

Interne Links

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