SpiritualWiki - KollektiveWeisheit

Bessere Ideen kommen von hundert Leuten, die nicht so kluge Köpfe sind – anstatt
von einem einzelnen großen Denker
oder einem großartigen und hoch-
intelligenten Menschen.
Tibetisches Sprichwort

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Feldwirkung wandelt Krankenhaus in einen Ort der Heilung.

Jerry Sinnamon, Leiter des Hospitals in Connecticut [USA], der mit der Herausforderung konfrontiert war, seine nicht eben erfolgreiche Institution zu verändern, beschreibt, wie infolge einer Reihe von dialogbasierten Workshops mit dem Kranken-
hauspersonal nach und nach eine neue kollektive Vision für und in dem Krankenhaus entstand – trotz der Tatsache, dass sich jeder Workshop aus einer gänzlich anderen Gruppe von Menschen zusammensetzte. Sinnamon beschreibt:

"Es war fast so, als würde sich Monat für Monat dieselbe Gruppe treffen,
obwohl es in Wirklichkeit nie zu einer Überlappung bei den Teilnehmern kam."

Ungeachtet der involvierten Einzelpersonen (es waren insgesamt 1000, die an diesem zweijährigen Kurs teilnahmen) schien jede
nachfolgende Gruppe dort weiterzumachen, wo die vorhergehende aufgehört hatte, und die Untersuchung voranzutreiben.
Sinnamon erinnert sich:

"Es war, als ob das kollektive Bewusstsein der Organisation diese neue Vision dessen, wozu das Hospital sich entwickeln könnte, erschaffen würde. Und als Folge dieses Prozesses haben wir nicht nur unseren guten Ruf in der örtlichen Gemeinde wiederhergestellt, sondern uns auch als Ort der Heilung international einen Namen gemacht."

Quelle: ► Gelöschter Artikel Come Together. Können wir zu einer Tiefe an Weisheit vordringen, die weit über das für den Einzelnen
Erreichbare hinausgeht?, präsentiert von dem deutschen Magazin "Was ist Erleuchtung? (WIE)", Craig Hamilton, US-amerikanischer
Pionier in emergierender evolutionärer Spiritualität, Chefredakteur des aufgelösten Magazins WIE / EnlightenmentNext (1998-12/2006),
Heft 13, Sommer 2004

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Stephen Hawking sucht Rat bei der Kollektiven Weisheit.

Stephen Hawking: Ich weiß es nicht

Anfang Juli 2006 hat der geniale britische Physiker und Professor für Mathematik an der Universität Cambridge
Stephen Hawking (1942-2018) in einer Yahoo-Newsgroup folgende Zukunftsfrage öffentlich gestellt:

Wie kann sich die menschliche Rasse in einer Welt, die sich politisch, sozial und in Umweltfragen
im Chaos befindet, weitere 100 Jahre halten?

Der Presse zufolge sind über 25.000 unterschiedliche E-Mail-Antworten eingegangen.

Ich weiß es nicht!, lautete die sprachcomputerunterstützte Stimmbotschaft an die "Yahoo"-Gemeinde des
ALS-erkrankten Hawkings, der sich jahrzehntelang im Rollstuhl bewegte.
Stephen Hawking, auch bekannt unter dem Beinamen 'Herr des Universums', glaubte nicht an einen persönlichen Gott. Als Vertreter eines unbeweisbaren Atheismus verkündete er, "die Gedanken Gottes lesen zu wollen" – aus wissen-
schaftlicher Neugier.

Er habe die Überlebensfrage der Menschheit eben deshalb öffentlich gestellt, weil er selbst keine Antwort darauf wisse. Langfristig genügten rein technische Maßnahmen zur Lösung der vorhandenen Probleme nicht, meinte der Spitzen-
wissenschaftler. Seine Erklärung dazu lautete:

Jedes Mal, wenn wir unsere technologischen Fähigkeiten verbessern,
eröffnen wir neue Wege für katastrophale Fehlentwicklungen.

Quelle: ► Artikel Stephen Hawkings Antwort: 'Ich weiß es nicht', präsentiert von der
österreichischen Tageszeitung Der Standard / Wissenschaft, 14. August 2006

Siehe auch: ► Fragen und ► Zukunftsforschung

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Herdentiere entscheiden demokratisch – Alphatiere genießen sexuelle Präferenz.

Die DNS von Säugetieren ist auf Demokratie ausgerichtet, ihr Entscheidungszentrum im Gehirn ist demokratisch.
Alphahirsche entscheiden nicht für die Herde, sie haben lediglich die Wahl hinsichtlich ihrer sexuellen Vorliebe.

Eine Herde Gnus, Ngorongoro Einbruchkrater, Tansania

Die Biologen Dr. Timothy J. Roper und Dr. Larissa Conradt von der Universität Sussex in Cornwall, England, führten eine Studie über die Entscheidungsfindung in Tierherden durch.

Demokratische einfache Mehrheitsentscheidung von 51%

Die Herde entscheidet zu 51%, wohin sie jeweils weiterzieht, um zu grasen.

Demokratische Zwei-Drittel-Mehrheitsentscheidung
von 66% bei Gefahr

Sind Raubtiere in der Nähe, muss die Gruppen-
entscheidung überragend mehrheitlich ausfallen, ehe die Herde entsprechend handelt. Wenn Gefahr droht, zieht die Herde erst weiter, wenn zwei Drittel (66%) der Herdetiere auf ein bestimmtes Wasserloch hinweisen.

Diese demokratischen Wahlmuster sind im gesamten biologischen Spektrum anzutreffen, von Insekten bis hin zu den Orangutans. Alle Herdenmitglieder entscheiden anhand der von ihnen geäußerten Verhaltensanzeichen.

Quellen (engl.):
► Dr. Timothy J. Roper, britischer Biologe, Dr. Larissa Conradt, britische Biologin, Consensus decision making in animals
[Gruppenabgestimmte Entscheidungsfindung bei Tieren], Fachbereich für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Universität von Sussex,
Brighton, United Kingdom, präsentiert von The Human Condition, Science Direct, Ausgabe 20, 8. August 2005
► Dr. Larissa Conradt, britische Biologin, Christian List, Group decisions in humans and animals: a survey, Fachbereich für Biologie und
Umweltwissenschaften, Universität von Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom, präsentiert von der wissenschaftlichen Fachzeitschrift
herausgegeben von der britischen Royal Society Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 12. Dezember 2008, 27. März 2009

Source: ► Dr. Timothy J. Roper, British biologist, Dr. Larissa Conradt, Britih biologist, department of biology and environmental science, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom, Democracy in animals: the evolution of shared group decisions, presented by the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 274(1623), S. 2317-2326, published online 20. July 2007, 22. September 2007

Siehe auch: ► Tiere und ► Politik

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Die Komplexität des Internets und der modernen Welt kanalisieren – Peter Kruse

Fünf Bewältigungsstrategien im Umgang mit dem Internet und komplexen Systemen

Phase	Yin/Yang Spiel	Bewältigungsstrategie	Beschreibung
1.	Spiel	Herumprobieren Trial und Error	Spielerischer kindlicher Ansatz
2.	Nichtspiel Defokus/Yin	Ausblendung	Alten Verhaltensmustern treu bleiben ♦ Verleugnung der Komplexität
3.	Yang	Rationales Durchdringen Detailverständnis	In der modernen Konsumwelt ist Rationalität kein zielführender Ansatz.
4.	Nichtspiel Fokus/Yang	Konzentration auf wenige Kriterien Slogan: Simplify your life	Alter Leitspruch: *Profite, Preise und Bewertungsskalen sind Trumpf.* Trivialisierung ist eine unbrauchbare Strategie, da sie nur bei einfachen Sytemen funktioniert, jedoch komplexe Systeme zerstört.

5.	Yin	Emotionale Bewertung Intuitives Agieren	Neue Erkenntnis: *Die intuitive Auswahl ist der beste Lösungsansatz.* Achtung: Die Rahmenbedingungen der Intuition müssen dem aktuellen Entwicklungsstand der Welt entsprechen. Abstimmungen mit vielen Stimmen (kollektive Intuition) dienen der Wahrheitsfindung auf verlässlichere Weise.

Quelle:
► Videointerview mit Prof. Dr. Peter Kruse (1955-2015) deutscher Honorarprofessor für Allgemeine und Organisationspsychologie, Universität
Bremen, Psychologe, Netzwerkforscher zur Komplexitätsverarbeitung in intelligenten Netzwerken und kohärenter Musterbildung, Geschäfts-
führer von Nextpractice, Unternehmensberater, Kollektive Intelligenz, YouTube Film, 5:55 Minuten Dauer, eingestellt 18. Juni 2011

Siehe auch:
► Entwicklungsphasen der Sozialen Netzwerke – Peter Kruse
► Herdentiere entscheiden demokratisch – Alphatiere genießen sexuelle Präferenz.
► Einfachheit und ► Internet und ► Spiel und ► Komplexität und ► Intuition

Empfohlene Verhaltensweisen:
Wach bleiben. ♦ Sich verzweigend mit allem und allen vernetzen. ♦ Kollektive Intuition nutzen.

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Zitate zum Thema Kollektive Weisheit / Collective wisdom

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Zitate allgemein

Es gibt ein tibetisches Sprichwort: Bessere Ideen kommen von hundert Leuten, die nicht so kluge Köpfe sind – anstatt von einem einzelnen großen Denker oder einem großartigen und hochintelligenten Menschen.
S.H. Dalai Lama XIV. (*1935) eigentlich Tanchu Dhondup, geistliches Oberhaupt der tibetischen Buddhisten, Mönch, Linienhalter der Gelug-Schule, Friedensnobelpreis 1989, Quelle unbekannt

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Die Weisheit der Vielen übertrumpft die Expertenmeinung eines Einzelnen.

James Surowiecki beschreibt in dem Buch Die Weisheit der Vielen. Warum Gruppen klüger sind als Einzelne (2007) u.a. das Experiment, welches ein amerikanischer Statistikprofessor in jedem Semester mit seinen Studenten veranstaltet: auf dem Vortragspult steht eine große gläserne Vase, gefüllt mit Kugeln. Jeder Studierende, der den Hörsaal betritt, muss auf einem kleinen Zettel eine Schätzung für die Anzahl der Kugeln in dem Glasgefäß abgeben. Auch der Professor kennt die genaue Anzahl
der Kugeln nicht. Da er dieses Experiment jedoch in jedem Semester durchführt, ist er bezüglich der Schätzung der Kugelanzahl gegenüber seinen Studierenden im Vorteil – er besitzt diesbezüglich Expertenstatus. Danach schreibt
der Professor seine Schätzung an die Tafel und errechnet den Durchschnitt der Studentenschätzungen. Und dieser Durchschnittswert hat seine Einzelschätzung bisher noch immer geschlagen, d.h. der Durchschnitt der Schätzungen von Laien lag stets näher an der tatsächlichen Anzahl als die einsame Expertenschätzung.
Dr. Franz Hörmann franzhoermann.com (*1960) österreichischer visionärer Wirtschaftswissenschaftler, außerordentlicher Professor für Unternehmensrechnung, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Dozent, Autor, Otmar Pregetter, Das Ende des Geldes. Wegweiser in eine ökosoziale Gesellschaft, PDF, Kapitel 7, S. 108, Galila, 1. Auflage 1. März 2011

Fruchtstand an der Bananenstaude

Das Schicksal einer Nation wird allein durch den Grad von Kohärenz im kollektiven Bewusstsein einer Nation bestimmt. Politiker können nur auf Zustände und Ereignisse reagieren, die durch den Grad von Kohärenz im kollektiven Bewusstsein einer Nation verursacht werden. Deshalb besitzt jeder Bürger in seinem individuellen Lebensbereich mehr Entscheidungsfreiheit und hat einen größeren Einfluss auf den Lauf seines Schicksals als ein Parlament bezüglich des nationalen Geschehens oder der Präsi-
dent einer Supermacht hinsichtlich der globalen Entwicklung auf unserem Planeten. Es ist nicht die Regierung oder der Regie-
rungschef, der eine Nation regiert, es ist allein der Grad von Kohärenz im kollektiven Bewusstsein einer Nation, der bestimmt, ob eine Regierung Friedens- oder Kriegspolitik betreibt und ob
sich die Dinge zum Guten oder zum Schlechten hin entwickeln.
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (1918-2008) indischer hinduistisch-vedischer Guru, gelehrter Autor, Begründer der Transzendentalen Meditation, bezüglich des Maharishi-Effekts anhand des Dokumentarfilms "Washingtonstudie"¹/²

Kein Land der Welt ist vorbereitet auf das, was kommt. Nichts wird so bleiben, wie es war. In den meisten europäischen Ländern werden circa 50 Prozent der heutigen Arbeitsplätze verloren gehen.
Diversität schlägt die beste Lösung. [Die Summe der Ideen vieler ist besser als der klügste Mensch, selbst wenn dieser Supercomputer nutzt.] Wir müssen [über die neuen Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien] möglichst viele gute Ideen mit an Bord nehmen, damit wir klügere Entscheidungen treffen können.
Das Internet der Dinge und die damit verknüpften Echtzeitinformationen ermöglichen es jetzt, das Prinzip der Selbst-
organisation auch in der Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft nutzbringend einzusetzen, trotz aller Komplexität. Denn aus ma-
thematischer Sicht sind die Probleme vergleichbar. Europa befand sich bisher im digitalen Dornröschenschlaf. Wir ste-
hen heute an einem Scheideweg. Wenn uns das gelingt, schreiten wir in ein lichtes, ein besseres Zeitalter, in dem wir
einige der Probleme lösen können, die unsere Gesellschaft heute noch plagen.
Zeitungsinterview mit Prof. Dirk Helbing (*1965) deutscher Professor für Soziologie, Komplexitätsforscher, ETH Zürich, Menschheit steht vor dem grössten Umbruch seit der industriellen Revolution, präsentiert von der Schweizer Wochenzeitung SonntagsZeitung, 4, Januar 2015, neu eingestellt von der Webseite Saurugg.net, 17.Januar, 2016

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General quotes

Personal avowals / Recommendations
Historic leaders who were great horsemen dealt with aggressive, challenging stallions without resorting to violence or panicking but taking the non-predatory teachings from the horse: Buddha, Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, Joan of Arc, Catherine the Great, George Washington, Geronimo, Winston Churchill, Ronald Reagan.

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Rite of passage: Gaining the trust of an angry stallion – ancient power archetype

I thought that I could win him [my angry life threateningly dangerous stallion] over through kindness, sympathy, understanding and bodywork. He wasn't having any of that. He actually demanded that I become powerful in order to work with him. That also became a metaphor for me of what we're facing in our culture. The whole reason there are so many bullies and sociopaths in power is because the empathetic, compassionate people out there in the world have not exercised a different form of power where they can stand up to those people in a way that creates productive social change. I realized it wasn't enough to be empathetic and understanding and compassionate. I also had to have [warmhearted connecting] power in order to rehabilitate this very angry abused stallion who would threaten my life. So I think more people who are sympathetic and understanding must step in that new kind of power in order to change the world because otherwise we will keep the bullies and so-
ciopaths in power. Audio podcast interview with Linda Kohanov, US American riding instructor, horse trainer, speaker, author, The Power of the Herd; Non-Predatory Power and Horse Sense, presented by The Rob Kall Bottom Up Radio Show, host
Rob Kall, US American radio host, minute 1:05:36, 1:30:21 duration, aired 18. July 2013

Collective Wisdom starts with
1. deep listening,
2. suspension of certainty,
3. seeing whole systems / seeking diverse perspectives,
4. respect for others / group discernment,
5. welcoming all that is arising,
6. trust in the transcendent.

Alan Briskin, Ph.D. (*1954) US American co-founder of the "Collective Wisdom Initiative", consultant, artist, researcher, Sheryl Erickson, Tom Callanan, John Ott, The Power of Collective Wisdom. And the Trap of Collective Folly, Berrett-Koehler Publishers,
1. October 2009

The totality of beliefs and sentiments common to the average members of a society forms a determinate system with
a life of its own. It can be termed the collective or common consciousness.
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) French sociologist, cited in: Kenneth Smith, Émile Durkheim and the Collective Consciousness of Society. A Study in Criminology, Part IV, S. 133, Anthem Press, 2014

Our world leaders […] need our help. They need the cavalry, and the cavalry's not going to come from Mars; it's got
to come from us. Video presentation by Jamie Drummond, British Masters in development, anti-poverty activist, co-founder of the advocacy organization ONE, elected as Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum (WEF), 2007, Let's crowdsource the world's goals, presented by TEDGlobal Talks 2012, minute 8:26, 12:10 minutes duration, filmed June 2012, posted July 2012

Distainful quotes

The mass, whether it be a crowd or an army, is vile. Benito Mussolini [Il Duce] (1883-1945) Italian key figure in the creation of fascism, leader of the National Fascist Party, 40th prime minister of Italy (1922-1943), Pagine Libere, 1. January 1911, cited in: George Seldes, The Great Quotations, S. 513, Seacaucus, Castle Books, New Jersey, 1977

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Quotes by David R. Hawkins

⚠ Caveat See Power vs. Truth, January 2013

Personal avowal
The aura is the carrier of what one has learned – energy transmission via teacher/spiritual aspirant.

Within your aura is much that you have learned in this world. Within your aura is much of the non-verbal which you cannot share. You don't have enough time to sit down and describe to everybody everything you've ever known about life in a li-
near way. The total collectiveness of your entire life and all wisdom and experience of it exists as an energy field. […] The guru, the spiritual teacher transmits an energy field of enlightenment. So the aura of the teacher has within itself the collective wisdom throughtout all of time. There is no amount of world time in which this could all be laid out in a linear, lecture, intelligent class kind of format. You could extract some principles from it but they are only basic principles. So the way to enlightenment is instantaneous. From the energy field of the teacher there radiates forth an energy field. That field has within it the total knowingness of all that you need to become enlightened which is not really describable. It means becomingness of the Divinity within and becoming one with that Divinity in all of its expressions.
Dr. David R. Hawkins (1927-2012), Long Beach, California, Seminar Success, 3 DVD set, 3. October 2009

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Resolution of cultural disparities

The resolution of the world's current cultural disparities will require the collective wisdom and intention of all who have, by virtue of good fortune and ethical intention, become more advanced, conscious, and aware. It is therefore a teaching function. Dr. David R. Hawkins (1927-2012), Truth vs. Falsehood. How to Tell the Difference, S. 314, 2005

From history, one can see that civilizations survive, not because of politics, but in spite of them, nor can "public opinion" be relied upon in a world where seventy-eight percent of the world population calibrates below 200.
Dr. David R. Hawkins (1927-2012), Truth vs. Falsehood. How to Tell the Difference, S. 321, 2005

The only energy that has more power than the strength of the collective ego is that of Spiritual Truth.
Dr. David R. Hawkins (1927-2012), Dissolving the Ego, Realizing the Self. Contemplations from the Teachings of David R. Hawkins, M.D., Ph.D., edited by Jeffrey, Scott, S. 154, 3rd quote, Hay House, August 2011

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Englische Texte – English section on Collective wisdom

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Funneling the complexity of modernity in view of the Internet – Peter Kruse

Five in-sufficient coping strategies in dealing with the Internet and complex systems

Phase	Coping strategy	Legend
_1.	Trial and error	Playful childlike approach
_2.	Repression	Clinging to the old behavioral patterns ♦ Denial of complexities
_3.	Rational pervasion Understanding details	Rationality is counterproductive in the modern world of commerce.
_4.	Focusing on less criteria Slogan: Simplify your life!	Old motto: *Rates, profit and prices are trump.* Trivialisation is an inoperative coping strategy. It's only beneficial within simple systems. It's actually destroying complex systems.

_5.	Emotional assessment of value Intuitive operation	New insight: *The intuitive decision is the best method of resolution.* ⚡ Caveat : The basic condition of intuition has to be congruent with the current stage of development. Collective intuition (polls by the many) are a more reliable approach than the choice of one individual.

Source: ► Video interview with Peter Kruse, Ph.D. (1955-2015) German psychologist, expert on complexity processing in intelligent networks, CEO of Nextpractice, Kollektive Intelligenz [Collective wisdom], YouTube film, 5:55 minutes duration, posted 18. June 2011
See also: ► Complexity and ► Internet and ► Intuition and ► Play and ► Simplicity and ► Intellect
Siehe auch: ► Die Komplexität des Internets und der modernen Welt kanalisieren – Peter Kruse

Recommendation: Remain vigilant. ♦ Keep networking with all and everything. ♦ Apply collective intuition.

"In overview, we can see that from time immemorial, man has tried to make sense of the enormous complexity and frequent unpredict-
ability of human behavior. A multitude of systems have been constructed to try to make sense of that which is incomprehensible compre-
hensible. To 'make sense' has ordinarily meant to be able to be definable in terms that are linear: logical and rational. But the process, and therefore the experience, of life itself is organic – that is to say, nonlinear by definition." This is the source of man's inescapable intellectual frustration.
⚡ Dr. David R. Hawkins (1927-2012), Power vs. Force. The Hidden Determinants of Human Behavior, S. 37, Hay House, Februar 2002

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Transforming a failing institution – Jerry Sinnamon

Jerry Sinnamon, a Connecticut hospital administrator faced with the challenge of transforming his failing institution, described how, through a series of dialogue-type workshops with hospital staff, a new collective vision for the hospital progressively de-
veloped – despite the fact that each workshop comprised an entirely different group of people.
It was almost as if the same group was meeting month after month, when in fact there was no overlap of attendees between workshops whatsoever, Sinnamon describes. Regardless of the individuals involved (and there were a thousand in total who participated over the course of two years), each successive group seemed to pick up where the previous one had left off, moving the inquiry forward.
Sinnamon recalls, It was as if the collective consciousness of the organization was building this new vision for what the hospi-
tal could become. And as a result of this process, we not only rebuilt our reputation in the local community, but we ended up actually gaining an international reputation as a healing place.

Source: ► Article Come Together, presented by the dissolved US American magazine What is Enlightenment?,
Craig Hamilton, US American pioneer in the emerging evolutionary spirituality, managing editor of the dissolved
magazine WIE (1998-12/2006), S. 64-65, issue 25, May/July 2004

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Crowdsourcing – Stephen Hawking and Oprah Winfrey

French philosopher, mathematician and early political scientist Nicolas de Condorcet (1743-1794) discovered: The power of collective thinking supersedes individual thought processing. He proved that a group of minds was more often correct than a single mind thinking independently.

Red-eyed tree frog, East Australia

The British physicist and mathematician Stephen Hawking, Ph.D. authored A Brief History of Time in 1988. Suffering disabeling ALS, he holds the Lucasian chair in Mathematics at Cambridge University. Attributed as Lord of the Universe, he admitted: I don't know.
14. August 2006

Beginning July 2006 Hawking had publicly raised a survival question addressed to the Yahoo newsgroup:

See: Opinion article by Stephen Hawking, How can the human race ensure its survival?, presented by the British daily newspaper The Guardian, 3. August 2006

More than 25,000 different E-Mail responses were delivered within a period of six weeks. At the time being, this was a response record. Genius Hawking had tapped into the collective wisdom.
Humbly he admitted NOT to know the answers to the collectively relevant question he had raised.

Hawking's concerns and warnings were the following:

Purely technical solutions for apparent problems are as a rule not sufficient on a long term basis.
Improved technological measurements may have catastrophic side effects at any rate.

In November 2006 the US American talk show host Oprah Winfrey also used "crowd sourcing" addressing a Yahoo newsgroup. Her question "What would you do with $1,000 to change the life of a perfect stranger?" received
more than 31,000 responses in just a few days.

༺ ·❄· ༻

Source: ► Question How can the human race survive the next hundred years? In a world that is in chaos politically, socially
and environmentally, how can the human race sustain another 100 years?, presented by Yahoo Answers, 4. July 2006

Reference: en.Wikipedia entry ► Crowdsourcing

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Enhancing collective intelligence by social perceptiveness (EI) and equal participation

Three correlated significant factors of collective intelligence of a group

༺༻	Focus	Group quality factors	Quoting researcher Thomas W. Malone
1.	Empathy	Social perceptiveness	"When you have a group with a bunch of people [with high social perceptiveness] the [whole] group is more intelligent."
2.	Equality	Evenness of conversational turn-taking	"Groups where one person dominates the conversation are on average less intelligent than groups where the speaking is more evenly distributed among the different group members."
3.	Gender	Percentage of women[*]	"The collective intelligence of the group is significantly correlated with the percentage of women in the group. The linear trend is: 'More women are better all the way up to all women'."
༺༻	Gender/empathy performance		"Women on average score higher on the measure of social perceptiveness [reading the minds and emotions of people] than men."
༺༻	Conclusion		"What's needed to have an intelligent group is just to have a bunch of people in the group who are high on this social perceptiveness measure whether these people men or women."[*]

Source: ► Video conversation with Thomas W. Malone, Ph.D., US American professor of management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), founding director of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence, Collective Intelligence, presented by Deloitte
Center for the Edge, Edge video, minute 7:57, 31:45 minute duration, recorded 21. November 2012

PsychTests found that the top five fields with the highest emotional intelligence scores are:
1. Community workers ♦ 2. Health practioners ♦ 3. Managers ♦ 4. Clerical workers/administrative assistants ♦ 5. Law practicioners ♦

Emotional intelligence ⇔ traditional intelligence

Attitude, behavior, habit in work environments	High EIQ	Low EIQ
Enjoy learning new things	98%	77%
Continuously improving one's performance at work	94%	52%
Carefully pondering decisions before moving forward	82%	43%
Faced with major challenges enhance perseverance	81%	23%
Convinced of one's benefit and service to one's company	82%	38%
Complete confidence in one's abilities	93%	34%
Dissatisfaction with one's work, dependance on outside appraisal	8%	46%
Reliance to getting "pushed" or motivated by others	2%	39%

References on research provided by PsychTests.com
► Dissolved article Why Emotional Intelligence Matters More Than Traditional Intelligence.[**] [Releases Research On EIQ At Work],
presented by the dissolved website Tree Press Release, 1. May 2012
► Test Emotional Intelligence Test

What makes us happy is not wealth but the reciprocal relationship between ourselves and one another, ourselves and the world. This is something the right hemisphere alone understands, since it is the ground of empathy and interconnectedness[**], where the left hemisphere is concerned with manipulation and sees the world atomistically.
Iain McGilchrist, M.D. iainmcgilchrist.com (*1953) British psychiatrist, physician, literary scholar, New College, Oxford, neuroimaging researcher, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, writer, The Battle of the Brain, presented by the international daily newspaper The Wall Street Journal, 2. January 2010
Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder are extremely insecure, arrogant and self-absorbed. MRI brain scans show that pathological narcissists[***] have less gray matter in the left anterior insula, the part of the cerebral cortex linked to empathy.
Article Narcissists' Lack of Empathy Detected in Brain Scans, presented by the science news website Live Science, Denise Chow, 24. June 2013

Six habits of highly empathic people[*]

Habit 1	Cultivate curiosity about strangers.
Habit 2	Challenge prejudices and discover commonalities.
Habit 3	Put yourself in another person's life. Mirror neuronal empathy
Habit 4	Listen hard – and open up tenderly.
Habit 5	Develop an intense imagination.
Habit 6	Inspire mass action and social change.

Written sources featuring Roman Krznaric, Ph.D., Australian-British professor of sociology and politics, Cambridge University, cultural thinker, founding faculty member of The School of Life, London, empathy expert and advisor to organizations (Oxfam and United Nations), author
► Article Six Habits of Highly Empathic People, presented by the free online publication Greater Good Magazine, UC Berkeley,
California, 27. November 2012
► Article Six Habits of Highly Empathic People, presented by the publication Daily Good, syndicated from the Greater Good Science
Center, UC Berkeley, California, 25. August 2013

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Seven myths of crowd psychology

Seven myths of crowd psychology

༺༻	Crowd·psychology·myth	Correction
1.	Crowds are spontaneous.	One study of riots shows that violence is normally related to the presence of two opposing factions. Mixed crowds – which are the norm – are in fact usually peaceful and engage in stereotypical crowd-behavior. Most people avoid actual violence, whether they are in a crowd or not.
2.	Crowds are suggestible.	There is no empirical research to back up this claim.
3.	Crowds are irrational.	Resisting the urge to irrationality, or panic, is the norm. Two studies on underground station evacuations and the rapid, orderly way in which people evacuated the World Trade Center after the 9/11 terrorist attacks show that many lives were saved because people resisted the urge to panic.
4.	Crowds increase anonymity.	People are not anonymous as they usually travel in groups, with their family or friends. One study from the 70s and later research found that most people at a football match were there with one or more friends.
5.	Crowds are emotional.	Modern psychological research doesn't see the emotions as separate to decision-making, but rather as an integral part. To talk about an 'emotional crowd' as opposed to a 'rational crowd', therefore, doesn't make sense. People in crowds make their decisions with input from their emotions, just as they do when they're not in a crowd.
6.	Crowds are unanimous.	Research suggests that this is rarely the case – people remain stubbornly individual.
7.	Crowds are destructive.	[Spontaneous] destructiveness is a strong cultural crowds stereotype. Schweingruber and Wohlstein found that violence in crowds is extremely rare. Violence in crowds is normally carried out by a small minority, people who make it onto the news.

Source: ► Blog article 7 Myths of Crowd Psychology, presented by the publication PsyBlog, August 2008

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Democratic group decision-making in herd animals

For three years (2005-2007) the British biologists Dr. Timothy J. Roper and Dr. Larissa Conradt
at the University of Essex in Cornwall made studies on the issue of group decision-making in animals.

Red-billed Quelea flocking at waterhole

Alpha deers have only sexual preference choice.
The herd makes a majority democratic decision (51%) where to graze next.
Democracy is wired into the brains of creatures.
When there are predators around, decisions require a super majority: only when two-thirds (66%) are pointing toward the water hole the herd will move there.
This pattern of choice-making spans the whole spectrum in biology, from insects to orangutans. By their actions, the members of the group all "vote."

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Pecking order: Confirming animal hierarchy ⇔ heterarchy

Life itself is the ultimate context and power whereby evolution unfolds "unfairly", for like a cork in the sea, excellence automatically rises to the top. The strongest lion dominates, the cleverest sea urchin survives. The smartest octopus gets to be the biggest, and the fastest runner wins the race. ⚡ Dr. David R. Hawkins, Truth vs. Falsehood, S. 216, 2005

We've always assumed that animals are hierarchical in their social structures: that there's a lead animal who makes decisions for the group. Particularly in mammalian species, there is an alpha male, or in some cases – wolves, for example – an alpha female, and the assumption was that the alpha male or female had absolute control over the group's actions, like a monarch. But it turns out that's not true.
Roper and Conradt found that if the herd stops chewing grass and heads to the watering hole, it's not because the lead animal gave the command. Instead,
➤ when 51 percent of the animals start pointing toward the water hole,
then the whole herd moves.
This is how flocks of birds and schools of fish move, too. And the thresholds vary.
➤ When there are predators around, decisions require a super majority:
two-thirds have to be pointing toward the water hole before they move.
And this goes across the spectrum in biology, from insects to orangutans. By their actions, the members of the group all "vote," if you will. Democracy is in our DNA. Jefferson was right. Video interview with Thom Hartmann thomhartmann.com (*1951) US American journalist, progressive political commentator, former psychotherapist and entrepreneur, radio host, author of Threshold. The Crisis of Western Culture, The Crisis of Western Culture, YouTube film, minute 7:13, 29:05 minutes duration, posted 30. July 2009

Sources featuring Dr. Timothy J. Roper, British biologist, Dr. Larissa Conradt, British biologist, department of biology and environmental science, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom, department of biology and environmental science, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
► Article Consensus decision making in animals, presented by the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution, volume 20, 8. August 2005
► Article Democracy in animals: the evolution of shared group decisions, presented by the British scientific journal Proceedings of the
Royal Society, volume 274, issue 1623, pp. 2317-2326, published online 20. July 2007, 22. September 2007

Written source featuring Dr. Larissa Conradt, Britih biologist, Christian List
► Article Group decisions in humans and animals: a survey, presented by the British scientific journal published by the
Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society, 12. December 2008, 27. März 2009

Siehe auch: ► Herdentiere entscheiden demokratisch – Alphatiere genießen sexuelle Präferenz.

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Koans, philosophical questions and synchronicities

Paradoxical situations, synchronicities, koans and philosophical questions cannot be solved in short term,
they can only be embraced by many for a prolonged period of ambivalence.

See also: ► Paradox and ► Questions and ► Synchronicities and ► Koans

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Political cocreation

Every day President Barack Obama is handed a special purple folder. The folder contains ten letters, and every day President Obama takes time to read them. [...] these letters have been culled from the thousands the White House Correspondence Office receives each day from Americans who have taken the time to sit down and write to their president. [...]
- David Axelrod: They help him focus on the real problems people are facing. He really absorbs these letters,
  and often shares them with us. [...]
- Robert Gibbs: In his first week in office, President Obama requested to get ten letters a day to read "represen-
  tative of people's concerns, from people writing into the president, to help get him outside of the bubble, to get more than just the information you get as an elected official."
  Article "Dear President Obama": The President Reads 10 Letters a Day from the Public, With Policy Ramifications, presented
  by the US American broadcasting corporation ABC News, 23. February 2009

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Links zum Thema Kollektive Weisheit / Collective wisdom

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Literatur

James Surowiecki (*1967) US-amerikanischer Journalist, Autor, Die Weisheit der Vielen. Warum Gruppen klüger sind als Einzelne, Goldmann Verlag, 11. Juni 2007
Prof. Dr. Gunter Dueck (*1951) deutscher Professor für Mathematik, visionärer Dozent, weltanschaulich-philosophischer Sachbuchautor, Flachsinn. Ich habe Hirn, ich will hier raus., Campus Verlag, 1. Auflage 16. Februar 2017

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Literature (engl.)

James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds. Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations, Doubleday, May 2004
Daniel Goleman (*1946) US American psychologist, science journalist, author, Social Intelligence. The New Science of Human Relationships, Bantam Books, 26. September 2006, reprint edition 31. July 2007
Thom Hartmann thomhartmann.com (*1951) US American former psychotherapist and entrepreneur, radio host of Air America, journalist, progressive political commentator, author, Threshold. The Crisis of Western Culture, Viking Adult,
23. July 2009
Nicholas A. Christakis, M.D., Ph.D., MPH (*1962) Greek American professor of social and natural science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts, Yale University (*2013), New Haven, Connecticut, physician, author, James H. Fowler, Ph.D. (*1970) US American social scientist specializing in social networks, cooperation, political participation, and genopolitics, professor of medical genetics, professor of political science, University of California, San Diego, Connectedthebook.com, Connected. The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives, Little, Brown and Company, London,
28. September 2009
Alan Briskin, Ph.D. (*1954) US American co-founder of the "Collective Wisdom Initiative", consultant, artist, researcher, author, Sheryl Erickson, Tom Callanan, John Ott, The Power of Collective Wisdom. And the Trap of Collective Folly, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 1. October 2009
Michael Chorost, US American visionary science writer, World Wide Mind. The Coming Integration of Humanity, Machine, and the Internet, Free Press, 15. February 2011
Linda Kohanov, US American riding instructor, horse trainer, speaker, author, The Power of the Herd. A Nonpredatory Approach to Social Intelligence, Leadership, and Innovation, New World Library, 1st edition 5. March 2013
Krista Tippett (*1960) US American entrepreneur, founder and host of the American Public Media, radio program and podcast On Being, journalist, author, Becoming Wise. An Inquiry into the Mystery and Art of Living, Penguin Press, 5. April 2016

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Externe Weblinks

Wikipedia-Einträge Affinität, Emergenz, Kollektiv, Kollektive Intelligenz, Kohärenz, Kollektives Unbewusstes, Organisationsintelligenz, Die Weisheit der Vielen, Morphische Felder nach R. Sheldrake, Teamgeist

Linklose Artikel

Artikel Come Together. Können wir zu einer Tiefe an Weisheit vordringen, die weit über das für den Einzelnen Erreichbare hinausgeht?, präsentiert von dem deutschen Magazin "Was ist Erleuchtung? (WIE)", Craig Hamilton, US-amerikanischer Pionier in emergierender evolutionärer Spiritualität, Chefredakteur des aufgelösten Magazins WIE (1998-12/2006), Heft 13, Sommer 2004

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External web links (engl.)

Wikipedia entries Affinity, Collective intelligence, Emergence, Minority influence, Serge Moscovici, Wisdom of the crowds
Initiatives Collective Wisdom Initiative

Article About The Global Coherence Monitoring System, presented by the Global Coherence Initiative, a collaborative research project with the HeartMath Institute, Elizabeth A. Rauscher, Ph.D. (1937-2019) and other engineers and scientists to design, build and maintain a Global Coherence Monitoring System (GCMS). The GCMS will directly measure fluctuations in the magnetic fields generated by the earth and in the ionosphere.

Audio explanation by Dr. Rollin McCraty on Global Coherence Monitoring System

Blog article by Michel Bauwens (*1958) Belgian director and founder of the P2P Foundation, peer-to-peer theorist, conference speaker on technology, culture and business innovation, researcher, writer, The Next Buddha Will Be a Collective, presented by the US American web magazine Reality Sandwich, December 2007
Maria Konnikova, The Wisdom of Crowds, Revisited: When The Crowd Goes From Wise to Wrong, presented by the US Ameri-
can web portal Big Think, 31. May 2011

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Audio- und Videolinks

Videointerview mit Prof. Dr. Peter Kruse (1955-2015) deutscher Honorarprofessor für Allgemeine und Organisationspsy-
chologie, Universität Bremen, Psychologe, Netzwerkforscher zur Komplexitätsverarbeitung in intelligenten Netzwerken und kohärenter Musterbildung, Geschäftsführer von Nextpractice, Unternehmensberater, Kollektive Intelligenz – Was heisst
das für Unternehmen, YouTube Film, 5:19 Minuten Dauer, eingestellt 16. Januar 2009

Angesagt ist: Variabilität von Verhaltensmustern

Videointerview mit Prof. Dr. Peter Kruse (1955-2015) deutscher Honorarprofessor für Allgemeine und Organisationspsychologie, Universität Bremen, Psychologe, Netzwerkforscher zur Komplexitätsverarbeitung in intelligenten Netzwerken und kohärenter Musterbildung, Geschäftsführer von Nextpractice, Unternehmensberater, Aktivierung kollektiver Intelligenz / Kommunikation, Enquete Netzpolitik vor dem Deutschen Bundestag, 5. Juli 2010, YouTube Film, 9:29 Minuten Dauer, eingestellt 15. Juli 2010
Fernsehdokumentation zum Thema Schwarm-Intelligenz, präsentiert von dem französisch-deutschen Fernsehsender Arte, YouTube Film, eingestellt 30. Oktober 2010
- Schwärme – Die Intelligenz der Massen, Teil 1 von 3, 14:35 Minuten Dauer
- Schwärme – Die Intelligenz der Massen, Teil 2 von 3, 14:38 Minuten Dauer
- Schwärme – Die Intelligenz der Massen, Teil 3 von 3, 14:32 Minuten Dauer
Videointerview mit Prof. Dr. Peter Kruse (1955-2015) deutscher Honorarprofessor für Allgemeine und Organisationspsycho-
logie, Universität Bremen, Psychologe, Netzwerkforscher zur Komplexitätsverarbeitung in intelligenten Netzwerken und kohären-
ter Musterbildung, Geschäftsführer von Nextpractice, Unternehmensberater, Peter Kruse: Die kommunikative Macht in Netzen, Stifterverband, Horizonte, Gastgeber Timur Diehn, YouTube Film, 13:55 Minuten Dauer, eingestellt 31. Mai 2011
Video Vortrag von Prof. Roger D. Nelson, US-amerikanischer Professor für Psychologie, Direktor des internationalen Multilab-Forschungsprojekts Global Consciousness Project (GCP) zum Studium des kollektiven Bewusstseins, gegründet 1997,
Gibt es ein globales Bewusstsein? – Global Consciousness Project, präsentiert von dem YouTube-Podcaster Exomagazin.TV, Exomagazin, Heft März 2013, YouTube Film, 3:21 Minuten Dauer, eingestellt 1. Juli 2013

Linklose Medienangebote

Radio-Dokumentation von Christoph Kersting, Schwarmintelligenz. Der Hering im Menschen, präsentiert von dem zweiten Hörfunkprogramm Bayern 2 des deutschen Fernsehsenders Bayerischen Rundfunk, IQ Wissenschaft und Forschung,
gesendet 8. Januar 2009
Video Livestream-Aufzeichnung eines Gesprächs mit Prof. Dr. Peter Kruse (1955-2015) deutscher Honorarprofessor für Allgemeine und Organisationspsychologie, Universität Bremen, Psychologe, Netzwerkforscher zur Komplexitätsverarbeitung in intelligenten Netzwerken und kohärenter Musterbildung, Geschäftsführer von Nextpractice, Unternehmensberater, Unternehmenskultur, Komplexität von Netzwerken, kollektive Intelligenz, Erlaubnis- und Möglichkeitsräume, Zusammenhänge
all dieser Themen, präsentiert von Digital Natives, YouTube Film, 102:02 Minuten Dauer, Sendetermin 15. Januar 2009

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Audio and video links (engl.)

Video presentation by Steven Strogatz, Ph.D. (*1959) US American professor of applied mathematics, pioneer of the science
of synchrony, Cornell University, Ithaca, author, Why things sync up, presented by TED Talks, 21:59 minutes duration, Monterey, California, recorded February 2004; YouTube film version How things in nature tend to sync up, 23:12 minutes duration, posted 23. December 2008

Flocks of birds, fireflies, fish AND objects manage to synchronize and act as a unit.

Video panel discussion with Thomas W. Malone, Ph.D., US American professor of management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), founding director of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence, Alex "Sandy" Pentland, Ph.D., US American researcher, MIT Media Lab, Karim R. Lakhani, Ph.D., Collective Intelligence, sponsored by MIT Communications Forum, moderator David Thorburn, 2:00:40 duration, aired 4. October 2007
Video interview with Daniel Goleman (*1946) US American psychologist, science journalist, author of Emotional Intelligence, Social Intelligence and Leadership, presented by Harvard Business Publishing (HBR), YouTube film, 10:16 minutes duration, posted 11. August 2008

Emotional and social intelligence improve the performance of the leader, the coworkers and organization.

Text based, not orally commented presentation The Wisdom of Crowds, YouTube film, 2:13 minutes duration, posted
11. March 2009
Interview with Thom Hartmann thomhartmann.com (*1951) US American former psychotherapist and entrepreneur, radio host of "Air America", journalist, progressive political commentator, author of Threshold. The Crisis of Western Culture, The Crisis of Western Culture, YouTube film, 29:05 minutes duration, posted 30. July 2009

Biologists Roper and Conradt at the University of Essex in Cornwall, England, made a study on group decision-making in animals: The alpha deer has only sexual preference choice. The herd makes a majority democratic decision where to graze next. Democracy is wired into the brains of creatures.

Video presentation by James Surowiecki, US American former staff writer at The New Yorker magazine, author of The Wisdom of Crowds. Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations, Three's a Crowd, presented by the US American web portal Big Think, host Peter Hopkins,
59:13 minutes duration, aired 3. February 2010
Audio interview with Linda Kohanov, US American riding instructor, horse trainer, speaker, author, Equine Magic With Linda Kohanov, Spielberg's War Horse, Happy Trails Sag, presented by the US American radio show hosted by Robert Phoenix, 102:14 minutes duration, aired 21. December 2011
Video presentation by Jamie Drummond, British anti-poverty activist, co-founder of the advocacy organization ONE, Let's crowdsource the world's goals, presented by TEDGlobal Talks 2012, 12:10 minutes duration, filmed June 2012, posted
July 2012
Full length video documentary The Path of the Horse, presented by Stormy May, YouTube film, 1:01:08 duration,
posted 15. October 2012

Featuring leading horsemanship teachers and visionaries: Alexander Nevzorov, Klaus Hempfling, Linda Kohanov, Mark Rashid,
Carolyn Resnick, equine artist Kim McElroy

Video conversation with Thomas W. Malone, Ph.D., US American professor of management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), founding director of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence, Collective Intelligence, presented by Deloitte Center for the Edge, Edge video, 31:45 minute duration, recorded 21. November 2012
Video interview with Linda Kohanov, US American riding instructor, horse trainer, speaker, author, The Power of the Herd, presented by the New World Library, host Monique Muhlencamp, publicity director, YouTube film, 13:06 minutes duration,
posted 13. June 2013

Understanding the difference between predatory and non-predatory power

Audio podcast interview with Linda Kohanov, US American riding instructor, horse trainer, speaker, author, The Power of
the Herd; Non-Predatory Power and Horse Sense, presented by The Rob Kall Bottom Up Radio Show, host Rob Kall,
US American radio host, minute 1:05:36, 1:30:21 duration, aired 18. July 2013

Linkless media offerings

Video interview with Peter Kruse, Ph.D. (1955-2015) German psychologist, expert in complexity processing in intelligent networks, CEO of Nextpractice, management consultant, Collective intelligence? Not fully achieved yet, presented by Blip.TV, host Ulrike Reinhard, 31:22 minutes duration, posted 11. January 2010
"We have to think of the limbic system of the net for the purpose of complexity reduction. [To achieve that] no restriction, maximum private quality and maximum collective quality is required."

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