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Humiliation

 

Pranger

Am Pranger – Neuzeitliche Nachstellung

 

It has always been a mystery to me how
men can feel themselves honoured by the
humiliation of their fellow beings.

Mahatma Gandhi, cited in: The Handbook of Conflict Resolution.
Theory and Practice
, S. 293, John Wiley & Sons, 28 February 2014


 

Humiliation

Quotes on the topic Humiliation / Erniedrigung

General quotes

Let us go to him, then, outside the camp, and bear the humiliation he endured. For there is no
permanent city for us here, but we are looking for the city that is to come.
Hebrews 13, 13-14 (NT)

 

Personal avowals

  • I believe that humiliation is one of the most important emotions we must understand and manage, both in ourselves and in others, and on an individual and national level. Aaron Lazare (1936-2015) US American professor of psychiatry, chancellor and dean of University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (1991-2007), author, On Apology, S. 262-263, Oxford University Press, New York City, New York, 1. January 2004, 3. November 2005

 

(↓)

Public slut-shaming worldwide pushed Lewinsky to the brink of death – compassion helped her out of the shame trap.

  • I was Patient Zero of losing a personal reputation on a global scale almost instantaneously.  Minute 3:55
In 1998 [at age 24], I lost my reputation and my dignity. I lost almost everything, and I almost lost my life.  Minute 6:09
A meta-analysis done out of the Netherlands showed that for the first time, cyberbullying was leading to suicidal ideations more significantly than offline bullying.  Minute 12:26
And you know what shocked me, although it shouldn't have, was another research last year that determined humiliation was a more intensely felt emotion than either happiness or even anger.  Minute 12:37
Video presentation by Monica Lewinsky (*1973) US American former White House intern (1995-1996), media shaming target #1
due to a political sex scandal with US president Bill Clinton, 1998, social psychologist, anti-cyberbullying activist, The price of shame transcript, presented by TED Talks, Vancouver, Canada, filmed 19. March 2015, 22:31 minutes duration, posted 20. March 2015

 

  • No one [no female victim] talks openly about sexual harassment. I know a lot of women, and I know a lot of powerful women, and I know very few women to whom that hasn't happened. And women have chosen for so many years to just deal, because that's what we believed we had to do to survive in a men's world. […] It is possible to both be harassed by somebody [Roger Ailes] and then go on to have a good working relationship with them. And that was the case with me. If he tried to sexually harass me now I'd stop him right in the middle of it and say, 'Hold on, that's inappropriate.'
    But you have to feel empowered to do that. Removed video TV interview with Megyn Kelly (*1970) US American former cor-
    porate defense attorney, political commentator, journalist, Fox News host (2004-2017), Megyn Kelly Talks Sexual Harassment, Bill O'Reilly, More, presented by the US American talk show The View, YouTube film, minute 2:08, 7:15 minutes duration, posted
    17. November 2016

1976 – 90% of American women have experienced sexual harrassment in the workplace. 2017 – 80% of American women have experienced sexual harrassment in the workplace.

 

Recommendations

  • If you want to be a real human being – a real woman, a real man – you cannot tolerate things which put you to indig-
    nation, to outrage. You must stand up. I always say to people, 'Look around; look at what makes you unhappy, what makes you furious, and then engage yourself in some action.
    Stéphane Hessel (1917-2013) German/naturalised French diplomat, ambassador, concentration camp survivor, French Resistance member, BCRA agent, writer, Time for Outrage, 2010, Twelve, 1st edition, 20. September 2011

 

Appeals

(↓)

All humans and societies are vulnerable and imperfect. In cruel societies missing out on human dignity vulnerability is seen as weakness, imperfection is seen as inadequacy. Many humans buy into the idea to be "less than", not worthy of belonging.

 

Makel
Yellow badge Star of David called "Judenstern"
  • We talk a lot about our right to freedom of speech, but we need to talk more about our responsibility to freedom of speech. We all want to be heard, but let's acknowledge the difference between speaking up with intention and speaking
    up for attention. The Internet is the superhighway for the id,
    but online, showing empathy to others benefits us all and helps create a safer and better world. We need to commu-
    nicate online with compassion, consume news with compas-
    sion, and click with compassion.
    Video presentation by Monica Lewinsky (*1973) US American former White House intern (1995-1996), media shaming target #1 due to a political sex scandal with US president Bill Clinton, 1998, social psychologist, anti-cyberbullying activist, The price of shame trans-
    cript
    , presented by TED Talks, Vancouver, Canada, minute 19:51, 22:31 minutes duration, filmed 19. March 2015, 20. March 2015

 

Conclusions

  • Whoever debases others is debasing themselves. That is not a mystical statement but a most realistic one, which
    is proved by the eyes of any Alabama sheriff. James Baldwin (1924-1987) US afroamerican social critic, playwright, essayist, short story writer, novelist, The Fire Next Time, S. 73, Dial Press, 1963

 

Insights

  • From the crises in the Middle East to mass shootings in U.S. schools to the reckless striving for wealth and world domination, there is one overarching theme that almost never gets media coverage – the sense of insignificance that drives destructive acts. As a depth psychologist with many years of experience, I can say emphatically that the sense
    of being crushed, humiliated and existentially unimportant are the main factors behind so much that we call psychopa-
    thology
    .
    Article Why Are Humans Violent? The Psychological Reason We Hurt Each Other, presented by the US American left-leaning website AlterNet, Kirk J. Schneider, Ph.D., US American depth psychologist, existential-humanistic psychotherapist, author, 30. July 2014
Blaumeise
Mountain Bluebird, June 2006
  • All the cruel and brutal things, even genocide, starts with the humiliation of one individual. Kofi Annan (1938-2018) Ghanaian diplomat, seventh United Nations Secretary-General (1997-2006), founder of the Global AIDS and Health Fund, Nobel Peace Prize laureate, 2001, Kofi Annan 2013 Quote on Humiliation, YouTube snippet, 0:12 seconds, posted 19. February 2013

 

(↓)

Negative results: psychological, emotional, and organizational dysfunction

Unhealthy behaviors: undue fear, bullying, silencing of cautionary or creative voices, cliques, factionalizing, bootlicking, backbiting, gossiping, undermining, sabotage

 

(↓)

Cyberbullying: Scammers preying on Facebook users

  • It's easier to hurt someone when you're not seeing them in person. Neuroscience research shows that moral violations are less likely when interactions are personal because people empathise with those they meet in person. In the online world, people are just a number.
    Paul Zak, Ph.D. The Center for Neuroeconomics Studies (CNS), US American professor of economics and neurology, neuroeconomist, mathematician, oxytocin researcher, Claremont Graduate University, Southern California, author, cited in: removed article Facebook crimes grow increasingly sophisticated, presented by the Irish daily newspaper Irish Examiner, John Roberts, Saturday, 13. August 2011

 

(↓)

Shame is correlated with addiction, violence, aggression, bullying.

  • Shame is far more likely to cause destructive behaviors than it is to cure them. [...] Shame is highly correlated with addiction, violence, aggression, bullying. [...] Shame corrodes the part of us that believes we can change for the better. [...] Shame is 'I am that', guilt is 'I did that'. Video presentation by Brené Brown, Ph.D., LMSW (*1965) US American shame, vulnerability, empathy researcher, Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, public speaker, author, Is shame good?, YouTube film, minute 00:39, 3:12 minutes duration, posted 2. March 2008

 

Mondlicht
"Dovedale by Moonlight", ~1785
Joseph Wright of Derby (1734-1797) English portrait painter
  • Socrates said that unless a dialog was conducted with gentleness and without malice it wouldn't work. It was a spiritual exercise. You go into a dialog prepared to be changed. It's no good [...] to say 'peace will break out if we all dialogue'. That usually means bludgeoning the other person to accept our point of view. […]
    "No bullying", Socrates said. You can't win a Socratic dialogue because everybody ends realizing they know nothing at all. And we've lost that. It is not enough for us to seek the truth we also want to humiliate and defeat our opponents.
    Before an election all they [the politicians] can do is blame the other people. And it all gets personal. [People would want to see some speech writing devices go out the win-
    dow.] Audio interview with Karen Armstrong (*1944) British former Roman Catholic nun, scholar of comparative religion, "freelance theist", founder of the "Charter of Compassion", commentator, author, A Call For Compassion, presented by the Canadian web radio station CBC Radio Tapestry, host Mary Hynes, Canadian journalist, minute 24:25, 53:59 minutes duration, aired 13. March 2011

 

  • Millions of people, often anonymously, can stab you with their words, and that's a lot of pain, and there are no perimeters around how many people can publicly observe you and put you in a public stockade. There is a very personal price to public humiliation, and the growth of the Internet has jacked up that price.
    Video presentation by Monica Lewinsky (*1973) US American former White House intern (1995-1996), media shaming target #1
    due to a political sex scandal with US president Bill Clinton, 1998, social psychologist, anti-cyberbullying activist, The price of
    shame
    transcript, presented by TED Talks, Vancouver, Canada, filmed 19. March 2015, minute 13:22, 22:31 minutes duration,
    posted 20. March 2015

 

(↓)

Exemplified behavior of narcissists

  • Anyone who wants to rule men first tries to humiliate them, to trick them out of their rights and their capacity for resistance, until they are as powerless before him as animals. He uses them like animals and, even if he does not tell them so, in himself he always knows quite clearly that they mean just as little to him; when he speaks to his intimates he will call them sheep or cattle. His ultimate aim is to incorporate them into himself and to suck the substance out of them. What re-
    mains of them afterwards does not matter to him. The worse he has treated them, the more he despises them. When they are no more use at all, he disposes of them as he does of his excrement, simply seeing to it that they do not poison the air of his house. Elias Canetti (1905-1994) Bulgarian-born Swiss-British memoirist, modernist playwright, novelist,
    non-fiction writer, Nobel laureate in literature, 1981, Crowds and Power, Gollancz, United Kingdom edition 1962

 

  • To those who despair of everything reason cannot provide a faith, but only passion, and in this case it must be the
    same passion that lay at the root of the despair, namely humiliation and hatred.
    Albert Camus (1913-1960) French Algeria-born French philosopher, journalist, author, Nobel laureate in literature, 1957, cited in:
    Carol A. Dingle, Memorable Quotations: Philosophers of Western Civilization, S. 40, iUniverse, 1. January 2000

 

Churchill-Mem
  • [The Western culture] is not long on contradiction or ambiguity. […] It likes things to be simple, it likes things to be pigeonholed – good or bad, black or white, blue or red. And we're not that. We're more interesting than that. And the way that we go into the world understanding is to have these contradictions in ourselves and see them in other people and not judge them for it. To know that, in a world where debate has kind of fallen away and given way to shouting and bullying, that the best thing is not just the idea of honest debate, the best thing is losing the debate, because it means that you learn something and you changed your position. The only way really to understand your position and its worth is to understand the opposite.
    That doesn't mean the crazy guy on the radio who is spewing hate, it means the decent human truths of all the people who feel the need to listen to that guy. You are connected to those people. They're connected to him. You can't get away from it. This connection is part of contradiction. It is the tension I was talking about. This tension isn't about two opposite points, it's about the line in between them, and it's being stretched by them. We need to acknowledge and honor that tension, and the connection that that tension is a part of. Our connection is not just to the people we love,
    but to everybody, including people we can't stand and wish weren't around. The connection we have is part of what
    defines us on such a basic level.
    Joss Whedon (*1964) US American film and television producer, director, actor, composer, comic book author, screenwriter, Be All Your Selves. Embracing Our Inner Contradictions, 181st Commencement Address, Wesleyan University, 26. May 2013

 

 

(↓)

Bullying: Perverted alpha/dependence hierarchy

  • [Partially paraphrased] [T]he bully instinct to dominate is a perverted alpha/de-
    pendence hierarchy resulting in a hardened heart. The defenses in the brain get
    stuck so that the impulses associated with caring and responsibilty are very much more vulnerable leaving the instincts to dominate completey divorced from their intended biological evolutionary function (taking care of, resuming responsibility for). And that is the beginning of bullying.
    Video presentation by Gordon Neufeld, Ph.D. (*1947) Canadian clinical developmental psychologist, author, Bullies: Their Making and Unmaking, sponsored by KMT Child Development and Community conference, Toronto, Canada, 13-14 April 2012, recorded
    by the Canadian TV station TVO, program TVO Parents, YouTube film, minute 0:40:14, 1:09:19 duration, posted 2. April 2012

 

 

  • Our world – of cyberbullying and chyrons, trolls and tweets – was forged in 1998. It is, as the historian Nicolaus Mills has put it, a "culture of humiliation," in which those who prey on the vulnerable in the service of clicks and ratings are handsomely rewarded.
    As the past year has revealed, thanks to brave women like Gretchen Carlson and Megyn Kelly, it is clear that
    at Fox, this culture of exploitation wasn't limited to the screen. The irony of Mr. Ailes's career at Fox – that he har-
    nessed a sex scandal to build a cable juggernaut and then was brought down by his own – was not lost on anyone who has been paying attention. Opinion article by Monica Lewinsky (*1973) US American former White House intern (1995-1996), media shaming target #1 due to a political sex scandal with US president Bill Clinton, 1998, social psychologist,
    anti-cyberbullying activist, Monica Lewinsky: Roger Ailes's Dream Was My Nightmare, presented by the US American daily newspaper The New York Times, 22. May 2017

 

  • Sensitivity to humiliation has clearly increased over the past decades, thanks to a growing commitment to human
    rights and dignity. But 'decent societies' are still a work in progress, and can easily be dismantled if not backed by
    a popular consensus against humiliation. Article The history of humiliation points to the future of human dignity, presented
    by the philosophical and cultural online magazine Aeon, Ute Frevert, Ph.D. (*1954) German historian, managing director of
    the Max Planck Institute for human development, Berlin, author, 20. January 2021

 

Reference: en.Wikiquote entry Humiliation

Literary quotes

Zitate allgemein

Persönliches Bekenntnis

(↓)

Weltöffentliche Schlampen-Beschämung trieb M. Lewinsky an den Rand des Todes. Mitgefühl half ihr aus der Schamfalle heraus.

  • Ich war Patientin Null, die ihren persönlichen guten Ruf quasi in Minutenschnelle auf globaler Ebene einbüßte.  Minute 3:55
  • 1998 [im Alter von 24 Jahren] verlor ich meinen Ruf und meine Würde. Ich habe fast alles verloren, und um ein Haar hätte ich mein Leben verloren.  Minute 6:09
  • Eine Meta-Analyse aus den Niederlanden hat enthüllt, dass Cybermobbing zum ersten Mal stärker zu Selbstmordgedanken auslöst als Mobbing im realen Alltag.  Minute 12:26
  • Eine weitere Studie aus dem letzten Jahr [2014] hat mich schockiert, wenngleich das nicht das nicht [mehr] der Fall sein dürfte. Die Studie stellte fest, dass Demütigung [Herabwürdigung] ein stärkeres Gefühl hervorruft als Glück oder sogar Wut.  Minute 12:37
    Videovortrag von Monica Lewinsky (*1973) US-amerikanische ehemalige Praktikantin im Weißen Haus (1995-1996), Zielscheibe der Medienbeschämung Nr. 1 aufgrund eines politischen Sexskandals mit US-Präsident Bill Clinton, 1998, Sozialpsychologin, Aktivistin gegen Cybermobbing, The price of shame [Der Preis der Scham], präsentiert von TED Talks, Vancouver, Kanada, gefilmt 19. März 2015, 22:31 Minuten Dauer, eingestellt 20. März 2015

 

  • Es gibt zwei Weltsichten, die bestimmen, was eine Person oder ein Volk oder eine Glaubensgemeinschaft als ernie-
    drigend betrachtet. Einmal die Sicht der Ehre. Die ist vergleichbar mit dem Beispiel des Ehemanns, der seine Frau
    schlägt.
    Er sieht es als seine Pflicht, die Ordnung des Hauses zu sichern, indem er seiner Frau Respekt und Demut für
    ihre untergeordnete Stellung einflößt
    . Wenn sie das ebenso sieht, fühlt sie sich vielleicht gar nicht gedemütigt. Sie
    bewertet es als ihren Fehler, wenn sie geschlagen wird und akzeptiert es. Kommt sie aber mit der Sicht von gleicher
    Menschenwürde in Berührung, kann sich das ändern. Hier wird Demütigung nicht als Weg zu "Demut" gesehen, son-
    dern als Kränkung empfunden und nicht akzeptiert.
    Wenn die Menschen oder Völker ihre Sichtweise ändern und Demütigung nicht als Kränkung der Ehre, sondern als Verletzung der Menschenwürde, ansehen, [kann Demütigung auch zu Liebe ohne Gewaltreaktion führen]. Es wird ihnen dann bewusst, dass Systeme von Gewalt und Dominanz nicht nur unmenschlich sind, sondern auch selbstzerstörerisch, besonders in einer global vernetzten Welt.
    Interview mit DDr. Evelin Gerda Lindner (*1954) deutsche Ärztin, Psychologin, Würde- und Erniedrigungsforscherin, Gründerin und Präsidentin des Forschungsnetzwerks Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), Autorin, Eine für den Friedensnobel-
    preis nominierte Wissenschaftlerin kommt in die Region
    , präsentiert von der regionalen deutschen Tageszeitung Nürnberger Nachrichten, Tanja Toplak-Páll, Nachdruck von Nordbayern, 23. September 2015

 

  • Hass und Gewalt sind immer das Ergebnis einer Demütigung, die ein Mensch bereits in der eigenen Kindheit erlebt
    hat. Menschen, die als Kinder Liebe und Entgegenkommen erfahren haben, werden nicht zu Attentätern, die sich der Zerstörung verschreiben. Arno Gruen (1923-2015) deutsch-schweizerischer Psychologe, Psychoanalytiker, Zivilisationskritiker, Schriftsteller, Verratene Liebe – Falsche Götter, S. 247, ECON Verlag, 1991, Klett-Cotta, 2. Auflage November 2003

 

  • Die westliche Kultur hält sich nicht lange mit Widersinnigem oder Mehrdeutigkeiten auf. […] Sie schätzt es, wenn die Dinge einfach und digital sind und schubladisiert werden können – gut oder schlecht, schwarz oder weiß, blau oder
    rot. So sind wir allerdings nicht gestrickt, wir sind interessanter als die Schablonen. Ein vertieftes Weltverständnis hilft, diese Widersprüche in uns selbst und unseren Mitmenschen anzuerkennen und niemanden deswegen zu verurteilen. In einer Welt, in der das Debattieren irgendwie ausgemustert wurde, um durch Geschrei und Mobbing ersetzt zu wer-
    den, ist es von Nutzen zu wissen, dass es am besten ist, in einem Streitgespräch zu unterliegen. Es bedeutet nämlich,
    dass man etwas lernen und seine Einstellung ändern kann. Der einzige Ansatz, den eigenen Standpunkt und dessen
    Werthaltigkeit tatsächlich zu verstehen, ist, dessen Gegenstück [auch] zu verstehen.
    Joss Whedon (*1964) US-amerikanischer Film- und Fernsehproduzent, Regisseur, Schauspieler, Komponist, Drehbuchautor, Be
    All Your Selves. Embracing Our Inner Contradictions
    , 181. Begrüßungsrede, Wesleyan University, 26. Mai 2013

 

Referenz: de.Wikiquote-Eintrag Demütigung

Quotes by various other sources

Personal avowals

Zitate von anderen Quellen

Persönliche Bekenntnisse

English section on Humiliation

From pride ⇒ ranked honor ⇒ dignity

Dignity transition
% of human historyPlayersQuality of focusNegative emotionRanking of basic modes of socialityBalance
1.First 95%Simple hunter-gatherersPristine pride  Communal sharing defines authority ranking – EM over MP Circular symmetry
coexistence – negotiation
2.Past 5%Complex agriculturistsCollectivistic ranked honor Fear
Benevolent patronage
Fragmentation: Authority ranking defines communal sharing – EM over MP Pyramidal assymetry
orders – coercion
2.-3.Present-day global villageModern-day menKnowledge society Humiliation
Brutal domination
Globalization: Market pricing defines authority ranking – EM over CS Defied pyramidal assymetry
Defied coercion
3.Future equality in dignityFuture menDiverse mutuality
Co-globegalization
  Communal sharing defines authority ranking – EM over MP Circular symmetry
coexistence – negotiation
See also: ► Three historic periods of human development including two normative turning points – Evelin Lindner

 

Four basic modes of sociality – Alan Page Fiske, anthropologist
Sociality modeApproachTypeCreation stageFramingMega-frameFocus
1CS Communal sharingIdealism ❄
Wisdom
Moderation
Melancholic Estrogen typeBirthLighted earth
Bigger context
Conscious heavenNeocreative4
2EM Equality matchingBystanderism
Adventuring
Phlegmatic Serotonin typeBirth canalLife-and-death struggleConscious hellParadoxical3
3AR Authority rankingFollowership buildingSanguinic Dopamine typeLabourFall from grace
Paradise lost
Unconscious hellSymbolic2
4MP Market pricingRealism ❄
Cynism
Extremism
Choleric Testosterone typeConceptionNarrow·dark·womb
Space/context
Paradise
Unconscious heavenReal1
See also: ► Dignity

 

Sources:
William L. Ury, US American anthropologist, negotiation and mediation specialist, co-founder of "Program on Negotiation", Harvard
     University, director of the "Project on Preventing War", Harvard University, speaker, author, Getting to Peace. Transforming Conflict
     at Home, at Work, and in the World
, S. 108, Viking Adult, New York City, New York, 27. September 1999
Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and
     and humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author,
     A Dignity Economy. Creating an Economy that Serves Human Dignity and Preserves Our Planet, World Dignity University Press,
     Lake Oswego, Oregon, 2012
► Video presentation by Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social
     sciences and humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS),
     author, 23rd Dignity Conference 27: Global Dignity, Evelin Lindner, titled 'Returning Dignity',
     sponsored by the "Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies Network", 23rd Annual Conference, Chiang Mai University,
     Northern Thailand, day 5 out of 8.-12. March 2014, YouTube film, 12:43 minutes duration, posted 22. March 2014

 

The dignity transition [...], the great transition [demanded by Raskin and Stern], can only be brought about by public policy spurred by people pressure. […] [I]nclusivity of "tolerance" is a superior strategy for achieving unity in diversity. […] [F]unction and interest must trump form and position. Output rather than input must be emphasized. [...] Anthropologist Alan Page Fiske's work on the four basic modes of sociality suggests that communal sharing must be given primacy over the other three modes [Authority ranking, equality matching, market pricing]. Not dependence, not independence, but interdependence is the new buzzword. What is important is, furthermore, quality rather than quan-
tity
. The characteristics of the new paradigm are complex and multifaceted and they represent the "real wealth of na-
tions"
described by Riane Eisler. […] Subsidiarity is the suitable path for forging complex syntheses that can mani-
fest unity in diversity. […]
[Important elements] to protect unity in diversity through balanced layers of subsidiarity in our global economic and poli-
tical structures are:
  1. openness over silence,
  2. malleability over rigidity,
  3. unity in diversity over uniformity and division,
  4. oneness over fragmentation, joining hands in a global dignity transition.
Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, A Dignity Economy. Creating an Economy that Serves Human Dignity and Preserves Our Planet, chapter 10, S. 140, chapter 11, S. 146, chapter 12, S. 185, World Dignity University Press, Lake Oswego, Oregon, 2012

Punishment ⇔ reciprocation

Ranked honor versus equal dignity
Ranked honor – Punishment Equal dignity – Reciprocation
Rankism·♦·Soul-sickness·♦·Domination system Satyagraha·♦·Aloha·Spirit·♦·Namaste·♦·Likeverd
"Man is man's wolf."
Plautus, 195 BC
"Men is men's best remedy."
Native wisdom
"I think, therefore I am."
René Descartes, 1637
"I am because we are."
Ubuntu philosophy, early/mid-19th century
All men are born unequal.
Set common concept before 1757
"All men are created equal."
Growing common concept 1757-1948 onwards
"Faster, higher, stronger [exclusive]!"
Olympic Games motto1
SLOW · WIDE · DEEP · INCLUSIVE
Whole-brained mature approach
The ranked honor system seems to reward its killer types [honored psychopaths] and punish those who were damaged or killed.
James Comey, while serving the Bush administration, approved of water-boarding and indefinite detention without trial. US president Obama appointed him to head the FBI in June 2013. 
James Clapper, director of National Intelligence Agency (NSA), lied to Congress in denying NSA's surveillance of US citizens and worldwide. Edward Snowden is seeking asylum for whistle-blowing and revealing the extent of Clapper's lie.
After having played a central role in prolonging the Vietnam war (resulting in thousands of deaths) Henry Kissinger still receives public acclaim. The killed "useless" eaters remained mostly voiceless.
The bankers and investment brokers responsible for the 2008 meltdown of the economy received rewards and huge bonuses instead of prison sentences. Millions of Americans lost their homes.
Iceland removed, sued and jailed politicians, bankers and brokers.
The corporate leaders responsible for polluting air, water and land around the planet remain firmly in power. Environmentalists are being scorned and largely ignored by the Obama administration.
Following Sophie Scholl's execution Traudl Junge (1920-2002) became one of Hitler's secretaries. Deliberately ignoring all the warning voices inside her, the needy, naive woman was fascinated by the Führer and enjoyed her somebodiness in his entourage. Around 50 years later she realised that her youth was no excuse. Awakening from collective error can take a whole lifetime. Right after having delivered her confession interview published as a television documentary in 2002, she died. German student, revolutionary of the non-violent resistance group White Rose in Nazi Germany, and whistleblower Sophie Scholl (1921-1943) was convicted of high treason and executed by guillotine. She had eyes to see, ears to hear, and a mouth to speak up against Hitler's Nazi Germany. She was not asking for Übermensch heroes, simply for ordinary humans who admit their shortcomings and fear. For her "Staatsfeindlichkeit" she had to pay with her young life.2
Hercules tried several attacks to drive the sea monster Hydra out of her cave. To no avail. Finally, Hercules came to kneel down and face the dragon at eye level – outwardly and inwardly.
Source:
Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and
     humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author,
     Emotion and Conflict. How Human Rights Can Dignify Emotion and Help Us Wage Good Conflict, Introduction, S. xx-xxi,
     Praeger Publishers, 2009
See also: ► Reconciliation between Hercules and Hydra – a healing story

 

Ranked honor and equal dignity i.e. the ranking and unranking of the core value/essence of a human being are inhe-
rently irreconcilable. Functional hierarchies, humorous rankings, rankings of humility do not touch the core dignity of a
person. Systems of unequal dignity maintain submission/domination and the craving for the elite status. Ranked honor
is not divinely ordained but illegitimate humiliation.
Replacing ranked honor with equal dignity is yet failing because
  1. The transition proceeds both too slowly and too rapidly for people to understand that it is happening, and that
    they are required to engage proactively and constructively.
  2. People with the resources to effect change are not sufficiently motivated to invest them, whereas those who have
    the motivation lack the resources.
  3. Ingrained cultural practices linger on covertly. Covert manipulation exerts a stealth influence which is intricately
    linked to strong feelings that cannot be avoided.

Hitler's extremist path ⇔ Mandela's moderate path

Antithetical ethical and moral frames
Proud dictatorship Humble co-egalization
Traditional ranked honor Mutual equal dignity (human rights)
Issue Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)
Germany's extremist path
Nelson Mandela (1918-2013)
South Africa's moderate path
TypeExtremist dictator – directorModerate mediator – negotiator
EmotionFear of either winning or losingEmotional maturity
Characteristics
Achievements
"Lover" of a nation that he described as "feminine"
World dominator financed by American elites
Caught by unacknowledged shame
Caught by a master obsession [Jews plan to conquer
the world and have to be preemptively eliminated]
Isolation from very early age
Applied the "art of propaganda" to exploit the emotional needs of the masses
Imbued the narrative of Aryan humiliation by Germany's neighbors and world jewry
Promised to retaliate and avert the disgrace of the Versailles Treaties
Chose genocide as conflict resolution
Renounced from the originally chosen extremist path
Refrained from walking the traditional path of honor
Freed himself from the dominator's message
Indisgraceable, he neither translated humiliation into shame, nor did he bypass shame.
Distanced himself from his own urge for revenge
Transformed his humiliated psyche within 27 years of imprisonment
Turned his brutal prison guards into friends
Facilitated the birth of a new social order based on respect for individual dignity
Attained shared humility without humiliation by including the humiliators (white upper class) as co-protectors of human rights
Did not force the white elites into submission
Humbled the former masters into equality in dignity
PhilosophyPatriarchal culture of ranked honor
Idolization of strength and potency
African spirit of Ubuntu
State of "being", code of principles for living together, strategy for conflict resolution
Dismantling the hierarchical system and its emotional expressions
ApproachDomination
Cruel and cynical retaliatory humiliation
Applied the "correct psychology" of seduction
Required from followers to die for him "with enthusiasm"
Mindfulness
Constructive transition out of humiliation
MessageEither-or
"Either you are strong and deserve to rule the world
or you are weak and deserve to be crushed."
As-well-as
Truth and Reconciliation
EffectMaximized ultimately unsustainable hubris to maintain supremacy through humiliating dominationStrived to optimize the human fit into a hugely complex universe
Strategy The Führer directed German humiliation/destructive energy against his chosen targets.
Seduced Germans into a disastrous strategy for restoring their national honor
Dissipated the destructive energy engendered by bitterness
Implemented human rights rather than victimizing enemies
OutcomeDeath of millionsPeace and reconciliation
Leaving behind ten millennia of human history
Historic·outlookThe twentieth century was fundamentally influenced by Hitler. Driving the old order to the extremeThe twenty-first century will be shaped by Mandela's example. Acknowledging the end of the old order
References:
Adolf Hitler [Führer und Reichskanzler] (1889-1945) Austrian-German fascist leader of the Nazi Party during the Third Reich
     (1933-1945), Mein Kampf, [1925-1926] Pimlico, London, 1939, 1998
Nelson Mandela (1918-2013) leading South African anti-apartheid activist, prisoner for 27 years during apartheid, first black president of
     South Africa (1994-1999), Long Walk to Freedom. The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, Little, Brown and Company, London, 1994,
     Back Bay Books, 2. June 2008
Nelson Mandela (1918-2013) leading South African anti-apartheid activist, prisoner for 27 years during apartheid, first black president of
     South Africa (1994-1999), Welcome to Robben Island, in: Fredrik S. Heffermehl, Peace Is Possible, S. 35 (87-89), International Peace Bureau
     (IPB), Geneva, Switzerland, supported by UNESCO, 2001
See also: ► Correlated typology chart

 

Both Mandela and Hitler understood the strength of the feelings stirred up by humiliation and appealed to the deepest wishes of their audiences. […] Hitler seduced the Germans into a disastrous strategy for restoring their national honor. Mandela gave the people of South African an ambitious strategy for gaining their human rights. […]
Mandela's approach resonated with the spirit of ubuntu, a traditional African philosophy, a way of life and state of "being," a code of principles for living together, and a strategy for conflict resolution. Ubuntu is a way of living together in commu-
nity in an atmosphere of shared humility. Desmond Tutu's (1999) work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission drew on ubuntu.3
Hitler based his approach on a philosophy of honor and idolization of strength and potency. Hitler's message to Ger-
many was "either you are strong and deserve to rule the world or you are weak and deserve to be crushed." Hitler's road
led to the death of millions, Mandela's to peace. For Hitler, the anguish of German humiliation was a source of destructive energy to be directed against targets chosen by the Führer. For Mandela, the task was to dissipate the destructive energy engendered by bitterness, to concentrate on implementing human rights rather than victimizing enemies. Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, Making Enemies. Humiliation and International Conflict, chapter 8 "The Humiliation Antidote", S. 142/143, Praeger Security International, Westport, Connecticut, 2006

 

Pillory
The Pillory from The Costume of Great Britain, 1805
William Pyne (1769-1843) English painter
Nelson Mandela is a moderate. He succeeded in transforming his feelings of humiliation after 27 years of prison into a constructive contribution to social and societal change. He distanced himself from his own urge for revenge. However, someone like Mandela is seldom available. Moderation may then be best assured by third parties who are not involved in the conflict and can therefore easier commit themselves to safeguarding social cohesion in a respectful manner and without humiliating any participant. The involved oppo-
nents' feelings are often too hot to be moderate, at least during conflict peaks. Sometimes an overpowering force of moderates may be needed, especially when extremists were allowed to be-
come leaders of political movements.
Mature, moderate, responsible people are called upon to invite young, intelligent people to follow the example of Nelson Mandela, and not to follow promoters of terror who have translated empathy with the suffering of the oppressed into an urge to retaliate with violence. Moderates of all camps and third parties around the world carry the responsibility for curbing extremism, inviting their representatives back into the camp of moderation, of patient change, and of long-term solutions. Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, Making Enemies. Humiliation and International Conflict, chapter 6 "Humiliation and Terrorism", S. 120, Praeger Security International, Westport, Connecticut, 2006

 

Nelson Mandela was able to unite South Africa, one of the most bitterly divided nations on Earth, by the example of his own humility and humanity towards his vanquished enemies. Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, Making Enemies. Humiliation and International Conflict, "Introduction", S. xvii, Praeger Security International, Westport, Connecticut, 2006

 

[Nelson] Mandela facilitated the birth of a new social order based on respect for individual dignity. Central to his effort was the inclusion of the humiliators, members of the white upper class, as co-protectors of human rights. In other words, Mandela solved the conflict by peacefully but firmly making Frederik Willem de Klerk and his followers under-
stand that the old order was dying. Mandela attempted to attain shared humility without humiliation. He himself did
not feel ashamed and therefore did not have to acknowledge suppressed or bypassed shame, even though he had
been systematically put down and humiliated. Mandela had freed himself from the master's message. He carried his
head high. He did not translate humiliation into shame. He rejected humiliation, like a master; and he refrained
from walking the traditional path of honor. He did not force the white elite of South Africa into submission but humbled
them into equality in dignity. He rejected humiliation by translating it into a force for profound constructive social change within the context of human rights call for equal dignity for all.
Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and humani-
ties, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, Making Enemies. Humiliation and International Conflict, chapter 6 "How Human Rights Can Dignify", S. 84, Praeger Publishers, 2009

 

Edelsteine
Assorted colorful precious stones
Nelson Mandela withstood being invaded by feelings of humiliation, in spite of many attempts to humiliate and break him. As a result, he is admired and revered as a wise man and hero. When arriving as a political prisoner on Robben Island, he "demonstrated a rare talent for conflict management. Meeting the raw brutality of the guards with human dignity, he built a relation of respect."4
Nelson Mandela applied a kind of "minimal justice" approach. He did not endlessly lament Apartheid, but firmly demanded justice in a respectful and measured way. After ascending to power, Mandela retained his style of careful measured moderation. He did neither bow when he was a disempowered victim, nor did he humiliate his former masters when in power. Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, Making Enemies. Humiliation and International Conflict, chapter 8 "The Humiliation Antidote", S. 148, Praeger Security International, Westport, Connecticut, 2006

 

In former times the little people had little to say. The mob, the masses, or the crowds were not worth listening to. In our history books, the players are usually the rulers. Rebels and revolutionaries receive little space. The media or public opinion are absent. This has changed dramatically in recent times. The individual is among the most influential new
forces in the global village. The voice of every person has more impact today than ever before. Everybody can, if de-
termined, develop into a Mandela or a Hitler. Individuals can contribute to peace, like Mandela, or transform themsel-
ves into weapons of mass destruction, like Hitler. Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psycholo-
gist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, Making Enemies. Humiliation and International Conflict, chapter 8 "The Humiliation
Antidote", S. 142, Praeger Security International, Westport, Connecticut, 2006

 

The art of propaganda lies in understanding the emotional ideas of the great masses and finding, through a psycho-
logically correct form, the way to the attention and hence to the heart of the broad masses.
Adolf Hitler [Führer und Reichskanzler] (1889-1945) Austrian-German fascist leader of the Nazi Party during the Third Reich (1933-1945), Mein Kampf, S. 165, [1925-1926] Pimlico, London, 1939, 1998

 

Humiliation cycles are so difficult to stop, it is vital that we resist the temptation to start them. This is the lesson the
world learned from the greatest aberration in modern history, the Third Reich, which was a reaction in large part to
Germany's humiliating defeat in World War I and the terms of the Versailles Treaties. Hitler's promise to avenge and
avert such disgrace, and his grand narrative of Aryan humiliation at the hands of Germany's neighbors and "World
Jewry," swept him from political obscurity to global domination. But the victors in World War II did not make the same
mistake, and through the courage of the Marshall Plan (whatever its motives), Germany's second defeat did not lead
to revenge but to its rebirth as a respected member of the European community.
Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and hu-
manities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, Making
Enemies. Humiliation and International Conflict
, "Introduction", S. xv, Praeger Security International, Westport, Connecticut, 2006

 

Thomas J. Scheff (*1929) stipulates that tyrants such as Hitler suffer from three symptoms:
  1. first, unacknowledged shame;
  2. second, a master obsession (in the case of Hitler, the belief that Jews planned to conquer the world and had
    to be preemptively eliminated);
  3. and third, isolation from very early age (in the case of Hitler from the age of six).5
Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and hu-
manities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, Making
Enemies. Humiliation and International Conflict
, chapter 7 "The Humiliation Addiction", S. 134, Praeger Security International,
Westport, Connecticut, 2006

 

(↓)

Historic example of the dignity code applied

We are just as little desirous of inflicting humiliation as we are of suffering it. Such desires, aside from being bad politics, are the mark of inferior breeding. It is, therefore, reasonable and politic for us – to try to help Sweden by concessions and liberality, so that the dissolution of the Union may be carried through without the Swedish people's feeling humiliated.
Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930) Norwegian researcher, explorer, diplomat, Nobel Peace Prize laureate, crucial player in the peaceful dissolution of the "union" between Norway and Sweden, cited in: Fridtjof Nansen. A Life in the Service of Science and Humanity, 1961, presented by Nansen Dialogue Network, Chr. A. R. Christophersen, undated
In 1905, at the brink of war, Norway wished to liberate itself from the Swedish occupation.


Four systemic practices of humiliation

Violations against human honor/shame/status ⇔ human dignity in equality/human rights
༺༻Type of
humiliation
Legend Honor humiliation Dignity humiliation
1.Conquest Strong power reduces the relative autonomy of rivals, previously regarded as equals, and forces them into a position of long-term subordination. Creation of hierarchy or addition of a new upper tier within a hierarchical order. X 
2.Relegation An individual or group is forcefully pushed downward within an existing status hierarchy. X 
3.Reinforcement Routine abuse of those less powerful in order to maintain the induced meme of their inferiority. X 
4.Exclusion An individual or group is forcefully ejected from society, for instance through banishment, exile, or physical extermination. X X
Adapted from source: ► Article by Dennis R. Smith, Ph.D., British sociologist, Organisations and Humiliation. Looking Beyond Elias, presented by the peer-reviewed academic journal Organization, issue 8, No. 3, S. 543, 2001
See also: ► Trauma and ► Principle 3:1 and ► Dignity

Human experimentation and torture-based CIA mind control

           Timeline of CIA's torture program on humans          
Time frameWarLegendAdditional legend
August 1945
1947-1991
Post World War
Cold War
Operation Paperclip – 104 repatriated German rocket/psychiatry scientists from Nazi Germany were recruited and given new identities by Office of Strategic Services (OSS) United States intelligence agency formed during World War6Operation Paperclip was the code name for the 1945 Office of Strategic Services, Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency recruitment of German scientists from Nazi Germany to the U.S. after VE Day.
1950-1953 Korean War  
1953 CIA officially launched the Project MKUltra.Its earliest program phase involved hypnosis, electroshock and hallucinogenic drugs. The program evolved into experiments in psychological torture that adapted elements of Soviet and Chinese models, including longtime standing, protracted isolation, sleep deprivation and humiliation. Those lessons soon became an applied "science" in the Cold War.
1958-1972Vietnam War During the Vietnam War, the CIA developed the Phoenix Program, which combined psychological torture with brutal interrogations, human experimentation and extrajudicial executions. Alarmed by the shocking rapidity of American POWs' breakdowns and indoctrination by their communist captors, the CIA began investing in mind-control research.Black-site torments were authorized at the highest levels of the White House and CIA to experiment on human beings. Reading the report through this lens casts a different light on questions of accountability and impunity.
1963 The CIA produced a manual titled Kubark Counterintelligence Interrogation to guide agents in the art of extracting information from "resistant" sources by combining techniques to produce "debility, disorientation and dread." Like the communists, the CIA largely eschewed tactics that violently target the body in favor of those that target the mind by systematically attacking all human senses in order to produce the desired state of compliance.
1983 The Phoenix Program model was incorporated into the curriculum of the School of the Americas, and an updated version of the Kubark guide, produced in 1983 and titled Human Resource Exploitation Manual, was disseminated to the intelligence services of right-wing regimes in Latin America and Southeast Asia during the global "war on communism."
1997 Both CIA manuals became public as a result of Freedom of Information Act litigation by The Baltimore Sun. That would have seemed like a "never again" moment.
Mid 1980s The CIA practices became the subject of congressional investigations into US-supported atrocities in Central America.
11 September 2001War on terrorBecause of Mitchell's and Jessen's experience as trainers in the military's Survival, Evasion, Resistance, Escape (SERE) program, after 9/11 they were contacted by high-ranking Pentagon officials and, later, by lawyers who wanted to know whether some of those SERE techniques could be reverse-engineered to get terrorism suspects to talk. The road from abstract hypotheticals (can SERE be reverse-engineered?) to the authorized use of waterboarding and confinement boxes runs straight into the terrain of human experimentation.
15. April 2002
- 2008
 Mitchell and Jessen arrived at a black site in Thailand to supervise the interrogation of Abu Zubaydah, the first "high-value detainee" captured by the CIA. By July, Mitchell proposed more coercive techniques to CIA headquarters, and many of these were approved in late July. From then until the program was dry-docked in 2008, at least thirty-eight people were subjected to psychological and physical torments, and the results were methodically documented and analyzed. That is the textbook definition of human experimentation.

 

  1. Mind control, child abuse – Project MKULTRA, Subproject 68
  2. Mustard gas tested on soldiers via involuntary gas chambers
  3. U.S. grants immunity to involuntary-surgery monster
  4. Deadly chemical sprays on American cities
  5. US infects Guatemalans with STD’s
  6. Secret human experiments to test the effects of the atomic bomb
  7. Injected prisoners with Agent Orange
  8. Operation Paperclip
  9. Infecting Puerto Rico with cancer
  10. Pentagon treats black cancer patients with extreme radiation
  11. Operation Midnight Climax
  12. Fallout radiation on unsuspecting pacific territories
  13. Tuskegee

 

Source: ► Article The Worst Government Experiments Carried Out On Humans, presented by the
     controversial online outlet NewsPunch, Health, Jacqui Deevoy, 6. February 2015
Reference: ► Article Go See The Report, Then Let’s Put Torture to Bed For Good, presented by the publication Just Security,
Sondra Crosby, retired Brig. General, David R. Irvine, Christian Meissner, Scott Roehm, 14. November 2019
Reference: en.Wikipedia entry Human experimentation
See also:
Three historic periods of human development including two normative turning points – Evelin Lindner
Mind control and ► Timeline of CIA/Elite funded LSD experimentation, therapy and counterculture

Charts on bullying

 

Links on the topic Humiliation / Erniedrigung

Literature (engl.)

Tracing the historical impact of polarized thinking from ancient Greece and Rome down to Hitler, Stalin and Bush. The damage and destruction
to civilization because of "I'm right, you are wrong" thinking is staggering.


Literatur

Eine Kränkung ist eine nachhaltige Erschütterung des Selbst und seiner Werte. Sie macht krank, führt in die Krise, und in unbewältigter Form zu Gewalttaten gegen sich und andere. Die Gesellschaft wird narzisstischer, empfindlicher und daher kränkbarer (Chronische Verbitterung).

250 Jahre Geschichte der öffentlichen Herabwürdigungen (Verletzung der Menschenwürde) in Kindererziehung, Strafrecht, Diplomatie und Politik – mutiert in den Internet-Pranger.

External web links (engl.)


The brain doesn't distinguish between physical pain and intense emotional pain. A study conducted by Ethan Kross, Ph.D., deptartment of psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan confirmed that heartache and breakups are not allegorical pains, but real pains.


Linkless articles

  • Article by Judith Reisman, Ph.D. (1935-2021) US American professor of communications, Mary E. McAlister, Esq.Debbie DeGroff, SCHOOL-SANCTIONED SEX EDUCATION. A deviant dominant culture bullies children using sexually explicit images that trauma-
    tize and groom them for sex abuse, poronography addiction and sexual assault of others
    , October 2015

Externe Weblinks


Audio and video links (engl.)

Infos on narcissistic abuse by narcissists and psychopaths: Narcissistic Abuse Malignant Self-love: Narcissism Revisited, Healthyplace.com
See also: Lloyd deMause, Personality types, parenting styles, historical-cultural-political manifestations

  • Video presentation by Clive Boddy, Ph.D., British professor of leadership and organisational behaviour, Middlesex University, University of Tasmania, Bullying and Corporate Psychopaths at Work, presented by the TEDx HanzeUniversity Talks, Groningen, Netherlands, YouTube film, 14:33 minutes duration, filmed 3. October 2012, posted 3. December 2012

For the last seven years, Boddy has studied the evidence and effects of toxic leadership, and the social influence of the presence of corporate psychopaths on various workplace outcomes, including on levels of conflict and bullying at work. In Australia psychopaths are responsible for
26% corporate bullying.


Audio- und Videolinks

Kränkung (offense) ist ein Angriff auf persönliche Werte, Gefühle und Vorstellungen, eine psychische Verletzung. Sie führt zu einer "anhaltenden Erschütterung des Selbst und seiner Werte".

 

Interne Links

Englisch Wiki

Hawkins

 

 

1 The Olympic Games motto "Citius, Altius, Fortius" [Latin] was proposed by Pierre de Coubertin on the creation of the International Olympic Committee in 1894.

2 "Somebody, after all, had to make a start. What we wrote and said is also believed by many others. They just don't dare express themselves as we did." Sophie Scholl (1921-1943) German student, revolutionary of the non-violent resistance group White Rose in Nazi Germany, convicted of high treason and executed by guillotine, 1943, statement to the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof) presided by Roland Freisler (1893-1945) Nazi lawyer and judge, state secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice, 21. February 1943

3 Michael Jesse Battle, Reconciliation. The Ubuntu Theology of Desmond Tutu, Pilgrim Press, Cleveland, Ohio, 1997

4 Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, Welcome to Robben Island, in: Fredrik S. Heffermehl, Peace Is Possible, S. 35 (87-89), International Peace Bureau (IPB), Geneva, Switzerland, supported by UNESCO, 2001

5 Eilert Sundt lecture by Thomas J. Scheff, researcher on the sociology of emotions, Emotions and Politics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 24. October 2002

6 Annie Jacobsen, US American investigative journalist, author, Pulitzer Prize finalist in history, 2016, Operation Paperclip. The Secret Intelligence Program to Bring Nazi Scientists to America, Little, Brown and Company, new edition 11. February 2014

 

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