SpiritualWiki - Tugend

Der mexikanischer Autor, Schamane und Toltekenmeister Don Miguel Ángel Ruiz (*1952) war ursprünglich Chirurg.
Eine Nahtoderfahrung bewegte ihn, sich wieder mit den Lehren seiner toltekischen Vorfahren zu beschäftigen.

Four-leaf white clover

Er lernte von seiner Mutter Sarita, einer curandera (Heilerin), und seinem Großvater, einem Schamanen. Berühmt wurde Ruiz mit seinem Buch Die vier Versprechen, im englischen Original ver-
öffentlicht 1997, das der Integrität, Selbstliebe und dem Frieden der Menschen gewidmet ist.

Die vier Versprechen, dienen als Wegweiser, den Traum der Hölle in einen Traum des Himmels auf Erden zu verwandeln.
Sie lauten:

Wähle deine Worte mit Bedacht und spreche einwandfrei. [Wahrhaftige Sprache]
Nimm' nichts persönlich.
Ziehe keine voreiligen Schlüsse. [Unterstelle nichts.]
Tu' stets dein Bestmögliches.

Quelle: ► Miguel Ángel Ruiz (*1952) mexikanischer Toltekenmeister, Nagual-Schamane, Autor,
Die vier Versprechen. Ein Weisheitsbuch der Tolteken, Ariston, 1. Auflage 15. Februar 2005

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Zitate zum Thema Tugend / Virtue

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Zitate allgemein

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Früchte des Geistes: Neun Tugenden im 9. Buch des Neuen Testaments

Der Geist Gottes dagegen lässt als Frucht eine Fülle von Gutem wachsen, nämlich: Liebe, Freude und Frieden, Geduld, Freundlichkeit und Güte, Treue, Bescheidenheit und Selbstbeherrschung. Gegen all
dies hat das Gesetz nichts einzuwenden. Galater 5, 22-23 (NT)

So wendet allen Fleiß daran und erweist in eurem Glauben Tugend und in der Tugend Erkenntnis und
in der Erkenntnis Mäßigkeit und in der Mäßigkeit Geduld und in der Geduld Frömmigkeit und in der
Frömmigkeit Brüderlichkeit und in der Brüderlichkeit die Liebe. Denn wenn dies alles reichlich bei euch
ist, wird's euch nicht faul und unfruchtbar sein lassen in der Erkenntnis unseres Herrn Jesus Christus.
2. Petrus 1, 5-8 (NT)

Denn die Tugend selbst wollen nicht so viele besitzen wie sich [nur] den Anschein davon geben.
Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 v. Chr.) römischer Politiker, Konsul (63 v. Chr.), politischer Theoretiker, Philosoph, Anwalt, berühmter Redner, Schriftsteller, [Über die Freundschaft], 98, Herbst 44 v. Chr.

Allein der, der ein sittlich gutes Leben führt, kann als gesegnet und glücklich gelten [...]. Für das gute und glückliche Leben soll allein entscheidend sein, ob jemand Weisheit erlangt. Platon (427-347 v. Chr.) vorchristlicher altgriechischer Philosoph, Begründer der abendländischen Philosophie, zitiert in: Christoph Horn (*1964) deutscher Philosoph, Autor, Glück bei Platon. Moralischer Intellektualismus und Ideentheorie, zitiert in: Dr. Dieter Thomä (*1959) deutscher Professor für Philosophie, Universität St. Gallen, Autor, Herausgeber, Christoph Henning, Herausgeber, Olivia Mitscherlich-Schönherr, Herausgeberin, Glück. Ein interdisziplinäres Handbuch, S. 117 und S. 121, J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart/Weimar, 2. Auflage 12. April 2011

Glasfenster: Kampf der Tugenden mit dem
Laster – Nördliches Seitenschiff der Stiftskirche
Niederhaslach, Elsass

Die Tugend [...] ist das eigentliche Wesen oder die eigentliche Natur des Men-
schen, insofern er die Macht hat, etwas zu bewirken, was durch die Gesetze
seiner eigenen Natur nicht begriffen werden kann.
Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) niederländischer Philosoph, Heinz-Joachim Fischer, Herausgeber, Hauptwerk Die Ethik, 4. Teil, 1677, marix Verlag, Imprint von Verlagshaus Römerweg, 1. Auflage 20. September 2007

Tugenden sollen unser Zusammenleben in sozialen Gebilden regeln, erleich-
tern und optimieren. Moralische Erkenntnis ist nicht auf Wahrheit ausgerichtet, sondern auf Reputation, auf Achtung durch den anderen. [...] Meinen Studien zufolge lassen sich sechs solcher Grundlagen oder Module ausmachen, de-
nen moralische Werte und Tugenden zugeordnet werden können: Fürsorge, Fairness, Freiheit, Loyalität, Autorität, Reinheit. Für all diese Bereiche ist es möglich, entsprechende Tugenden, Emotionen, soziale Auslöser und evolu-
tionäre Anpassungszwänge zu finden. Das Gebot der Fürsorge zum Beispiel lässt sich auf die Notwendigkeit zurückführen, unseren Nachwuchs zu be-
schützen und zu umhegen; Fairness auf die gegenseitigen Vorteile, die aus partnerschaftlicher Zusammenarbeit entstehen und uns veranlassen, Betrüger oder Schwarzfahrer des Wohlfahrtssystems zu ächten und zu bestrafen. […]
Die Theorie der moralischen Grundlagen mit ihrem modularen Sechserpack ist ein deskriptives, kein normatives Modell. [...] [C]harismatische Politiker und religiöse Führer beherrschen die Psychologie der Massen. Das gelingt ih-
nen, weil sie einen bestimmten Bereich von moralischen Gefühlen ansprechen und leider auch anfachen. Wer das ignoriert, ist moralisch gewissermaßen kurzsichtig. Er verkennt das moralische Mobilisierungspotential. Interview mit Dr. Jonathan Haidt (*1963) US-amerikanischer Professor für Sozial-, Kultur-, Moralpsychologie und ethisches Führungswissen, New York University Stern School of Business, Autor, "Wir reiten auf einem Elefanten." Der amerikanische Psychologieprofessor Jonathan Haidt erklärt die moralischen Grundlagen der Politik und die unterschiedlichen Werte von Rechten und Linken., präsentiert von dem deutschen Nachrichtenmagazin Der Spiegel, Ausgabe 2, Gastgeber und Redakteur Romain Leick, 7. Januar 2013

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Vier Haupttugenden:

Gerechtigkeit, Weisheit (Klugheit), Mut (Tapferkeit), Bescheidenheit (Mäßigkeit)

Die Gruppe von vier Haupttugenden ist erstmals bei dem griechischen Dichter Aischylos belegt, in seinem 467 v. Chr. entstandenen Stück Sieben gegen The-
ben (Vers 610). Er scheint sie als bekannt vorauszusetzen; daher wird vermutet, dass sie schon im griechischen Adel des 6. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. geläufig waren. Aischylos charakterisiert den Seher Amphiaraos als tugendhaften Menschen, indem er ihn als
- verständig (sóphron),
- gerecht (díkaios),
- fromm (eusebés) und
- tapfer (agathós) bezeichnet.

Wikipedia-Eintrag Kardinaltugend, Status November 2016

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40% Einfluss: Gene (Natur)
40% Einfluss: Verhalten / Erziehung (Kultur)
20% Einfluss: Freier Wille

Klugheit, Tapferkeit, Maßhalten und Gerechtigkeit: Die Psychologie entdeckt die antiken Tugenden wieder als mobilisierbare Stärken. Tagungsleiter Raphael Bonelli erklärt: "Man schätzt, dass Gene und Umwelt menschliches Verhalten zu je 40 Prozent vorherbestimmen. Die restlichen 20 Prozent sind freier Wille – den man durch Störungen verlieren, durch Tugenden aber stärken kann."
Dr. Dr. Raphael M. Bonelli (*1968) österreichischer Neurowissenschaftler, Dozent an der Sigmund Freud Privatuniversität Wien, Psychiater, systemischer Psychotherapeut, Autor, zitiert in: Artikel Tugend gibt Leichtigkeit im Leben. Psychotherapeut: Bauchgefühl alleine kein guter Ratgeber, präsentiert durch die Publikation Pressetext, 7. April 2012

Tugenden und Mädchen sind am schönsten, ehe sie wissen, dass sie schön sind. Ludwig Börne (1786-1837) deutscher Literatur-, Theater- und Gesellschaftskritiker, Journalist, Schriftsteller, Edgar Schumacher, Herausgeber, Kritische Schriften, S. 256, Artemis-Verlag, Zürich, 1964

Heuchelei ist das Lösegeld, welches die Sünde an die Tugend zahlt. François de La Rochefoucauld (1613-1680) zeit-
weise politisch aktiver französischer Offizier, Diplomat, Moralist, Schriftsteller, zitiert in: Aphorismen.de

Die Tugend ist ihre eigene Belohnung. Sprichwort

Referenzen: de.Wikiquote-Einträge ► Tugend und ► Redlichkeit

Gedichte

Die Worte des Glaubens (1800)
Drei Worte nenn ich euch, inhaltsschwer,
Sie gehen von Munde zu Munde,
Doch stammen sie nicht von außen her,
Das Herz nur gibt davon Kunde,
Dem Menschen ist aller Wert geraubt,
Wenn er nicht mehr an die drei Worte glaubt.

Der Mensch ist frei geschaffen, ist frei,
Und würd er in Ketten geboren,
Lasst euch nicht irren des Pöbels Geschrei,
Nicht den Mißbrauch rasender Toren,
Vor dem Sklaven, wenn er die Kette bricht,
Vor dem freien Menschen erzittert nicht.

Und die Tugend, sie ist kein leerer Schall,
Der Mensch kann sie üben im Leben,
Und sollt er auch straucheln überall,
Er kann nach der göttlichen streben,
Und was kein Verstand der Verständigen sieht,
Das übet in Einfalt ein kindlich Gemüt.

Und ein Gott ist, ein heiliger Wille lebt,
Wie auch der menschliche wanke,
Hoch über der Zeit und dem Raume webt
Lebendig der höchste Gedanke,
Und ob alles in ewigem Wechsel kreist,
Es beharret im Wechsel ein ruhiger Geist.

Die drei Worte bewahret euch, inhaltsschwer,
Sie pflanzet von Munde zu Munde,
Und stammen sie gleich nicht von außen her,
Euer Innres gibt davon Kunde,
Dem Menschen ist nimmer sein Wert geraubt,
So lang er noch an die drei Worte glaubt.

Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805) deutscher Arzt, Historiker, Philosoph, Dichter, Schriftsteller,
Gedichte, Jazzybee Verlag, 14. September 2015

Nie schenkt der Stand, nie schenken Güter
dem Menschen die Zufriedenheit.
Die wahre Ruhe der Gemüter
ist Tugend und Genügsamkeit.
Christian Fürchtegott Gellert (1715-1769) deutscher Moralphilosoph der Aufklärung, Dichter, Schriftsteller, Geistliche Oden und Lieder,"Zufriedenheit mit seinem Zustande", S. 91, Weidmannische Handlung, Leipzig 1757

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General quotes

The evil-doer makes his face hard, but as for the upright, he gives thought to his way. Proverbs 21, 29 (OT)

And Jesus said, Somebody hath touched me: for I perceive that virtue hath gone out of me.
Luke 8, 46 Webster's Bible Translation (NT)

And the whole multitude sought to touch him: for there went virtue out of him, and healed them all.
Luke 6, 19 (NT)

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Nine virtues of the Spirit named in the 9th book of the New Testament

The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, forbearance, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness
and self-control. Against such things there is no law. Galatians 5, 22-23 New International Version (NT)

Recommendations

Should we all confess our sins to one another we would all laugh at one another for our lack of originality.
Should we all reveal our virtues we would also laugh for the same cause.
Khalil Gibran (1883-1931) Lebanese US American painter, philosopher, poet, writer, Will Jonson, editor, Sand and Foam, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 27. September 2014

Conclusions

Virtue can only flourish amongst . Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) English philosopher, advocate of women's rights, writer, political pamphlet A Vindication of the Rights of Men, 1790

Without courage we cannot practice any other virtue with consistency. We can't be kind, true, merciful, generous, or honest. Maya Angelou (1928-2014) US American historian, actress, producer, director, educator, civil-rights activist, playwright,
poet, bestselling black author, presented by the US American daily middle-market newspaper USA Today, 5. March 1988

Confucius describes rén (spoken jen) as humanity expressed in cardinal moral values. Rén means complete virtue.

''Fan Chi asked about humaneness. The Master said it is loving people.
Fan Chi asked about wisdom. The Master said it is knowing people."
Analects XII.22

Everybody makes fun of virtue, which by now has, as its primary meaning, an affectation of prudery practiced by hypocrites and the impotent. Thomas Merton (1915-1968) Anglo-American Catholic Trappist monk, mystic student of comparative religion, social activist, poet, writer, autobiography The Seven Storey Mountain, Harcourt Brace, 11. October 1948

[O]nly a virtuous people are capable of freedom. As nations become corrupt and vicious, they have more need of masters. Benjamin Franklin [The First American, Founding Father] (1706-1790) US American statesman, political theorist, occultist, polymath, diplomat, civic activist, author, letter to the Abbés Chalut and Arnaud, 17. April 1787

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Brain research ⇒ science of virtuous qualities ⇒ enhancing the quality of human life.

In the future [...]
☛ mental exercise will be accepted and practiced in the same way as physical exercise today.
☛ We will have a science of virtuous qualities.
☛ We will incorporate the mind back into medicine and better understand how the brain can modulate peripheral biology in ways that affect health. This will allow us to take more responsibility for our own health by changing the mind in ways that can impact the brain in healthy directions.
☛ We'll be able to develop a secular approach to provide methods and practices from contemplative traditions to
- teach teachers and children ways to better regulate emotions and attention and cultivate qualities like kindness and compassion.
- increase awareness of interdependence upon others and upon the planet and be more responsible caretakers
  of the environment and the planet.
- promote their widespread adoption into the public discourse and major institutions of culture thereby restoring civility, humility, gratitude and other virtues in human life.

Video presentation by Richard Davidson, Ph.D. (*1951) US American Vilas professor of psychology and psychiatry, Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 2011 UW-Madison Big Learning Event, YouTube film, minute 18:06, 20:44 minutes duration, posted 20. June 2011

"24 character strengths", PositivePsychology.com

Classification of strengths
- Wisdom: creativity, curiosity, judgment, love of learning, perspective
- Courage: bravery, perseverance, honesty, zest
- Humanity: love, kindness, social intelligence
- Justice: teamwork, fairness, leadership
- Temperance: forgiveness, humility, prudence, self-regulation
- Transcendence: appreciation of beauty and excellence, gratitude, hope, humor, spirituality

Values in Action Inventory of Strengths, Wikipedia entry, status June 2023
Literature: Martin Seligman, Ph.D. (*1942) US American professor of psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, happiness researcher, educator, public speaker, author of self-help books, Christopher Peterson, Ph.D. (1950-2012) US American professor of psychology and organizational studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Character Strengths and Virtues. A Handbook and Classifi-
cation, Oxford University Press, 8. April 2004
Overview The 24 Character Strengths, presented by the VIA Institute, undated

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Practical wisdom – master virtue

The virtue that we need most of all is the virtue that Aristotle called practical wisdom. Practical wisdom is the moral will to do the right thing and the moral skill to figure out what the right thing is. [...] [The] stonemasons working on the Isle of Lesbos [...] need to measure out [...] round columns using a ruler. [...] They created a ruler that bends [...] a tape measure – a flexible rule, a rule that bends. [...] And Aristotle said often in dealing with other people, we need to bend the rules.
Dealing with other people demands a kind of flexibility that no set of rules can encompass. Wise people know when and how to bend the rules. Wise people know how to improvise. […] the rules are like the notes on the page, and that gets you started, but then you dance around the notes on the page, coming up with just the right combination for this particular moment with this particular set of fellow players. So for Aristotle, the kind of rule-bending, rule exception-finding and improvisation that you see in skilled craftsmen is exactly what you need to be a skilled moral craftsman. And in interactions with people, almost all the time, it is this kind of flexibility that is required. [...] And most important, a wise person does this improvising and rule-bending in the service of the right aims.
If you are a rule-bender and an improvisor mostly to serve yourself, what you get is ruthless manipulation of other people. So it matters that you do this wise practice in the service of others and not in the service of yourself.
And so the will to do the right thing is just as important as the moral skill of improvisation and exception-fin-
ding. Together they comprise practical wisdom, which Aristotle thought was the master virtue.

Video presentation by Barry Schwartz, Ph.D. (*1946) US American professor of social theory and social action, psychologist, Swarthmore College, speaker, author, Using our practical wisdom, transcript, presented by TED Talks, YouTube film,
minute 5:38, 23:08 minutes duration, posted 3. January 2011

Rules and incentives are no substitutes for wisdom. [...] there is no substitute for wisdom. [...]
You need to have rules. You need to have incentives. [...] the problem with relying on rules and incentives is that they demoralize professional activity [...] in two senses.
1. First, they demoralize the people who are engaged in the activity. [...]
2. And second, they demoralize the activity itself. The very practice is demoralized, and the practitioners are demoralized. It creates people – when you manipu-
  late incentives to get people to do the right thing – it creates people who are addicted to incentives. That is to say, it creates people who only do things for incentives.

Video presentation by Barry Schwartz, Ph.D. (*1946) US American professor of social theory and social action, psychologist, Swarthmore College, speaker, author, Using our practical wisdom, transcript, presented by TED Talks, YouTube film,
minute 12:54, 23:08 minutes duration, posted 3. January 2011

Courage is the most important of all the virtues, because without courage you can't practice any other virtue con-
sistently. You can practice any virtue erratically, but nothing consistently without courage.
Maya Angelou (1928-2014) US American historian, actress, producer, director, educator, civil-rights activist, playwright, poet, bestselling black author, cited in: Stedman Graham, Diversity. Leaders Not Labels, S. 224, 2006

Virtue is its own reward. Saying

References: en.Wikiquote entries ► Virtue and ► Righteousness

Literary quotes

Courage is not simply one of the virtues, but the form of every virtue at the testing point, which means at the point of highest reality. […]
A chastity or honesty or mercy which yields to danger will be chaste or honest or merciful only on conditions. Pilate was merciful till it became risky. C. S. Lewis (1898-1963) Irish British literary scholar, literary secret agent of MI6, novelist, satirical Christian apologetic novel The Screwtape Letters, Geoffrey Bles, February 1942

Birch tree in autumn

Virtue and vice were warp and woof of our first consciousness, and they will be the fabric of our last, and this despite any chan-
ges we may impose on field and river and mountain, on econo-
my and manners. There is no other story. A man, after he has brushed off the dust and chips of life, will have left only the hard, clean questions: "Was it good or was it evil? Have I done well – or ill?"
John Steinbeck (1902-1968) US American CIA agent, journalist, nove-
list, Pulitzer Prize laureate, 1940, Nobel laureate in literature, 1962, novel East of Eden, The Viking Press, 19. September 1952

All novels, all poetry, are built on the never-ending contest in ourselves of good and evil. And it occurs to me that evil
must constantly respawn, while good, while virtue, is immortal. Vice has always a new fresh young face, while virtue is venerable as nothing else in the world is. John Steinbeck (1902-1968) US American CIA agent, journalist, novelist, Pulitzer
Prize laureate, 1940, Nobel laureate in literature, 1962, novel East of Eden, S. 412, The Viking Press, 19. September 1952

Poetry

Fools! who from hence into the notion fall
That vice or virtue there is none at all.
Is there no black or white?
Ask your own heart, and nothing is so plain;
'Tis to mistake them, costs the time and pain.

Vice is a monster of so frightful mien,
As, to be hated, needs but to be seen;
Yet seen too oft, familiar with her face,
We first endure, then pity, then embrace.

Alexander Pope (1688-1744) English translator, poet, neoclassic writer, poem inheroic couplets An Essay on Man.
Epistle II, IV. and V., 1733-1734

The mind that is not baffled is not employed.
The impeded stream is the one that sings.

Wendell Berry (*1934) US American man of letters, academic, cultural and economic critic, writer, poem The Real Work,
excerpted from Standing by Words, Counterpoint, 1983

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Englische Texte – English section on Virtue

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Essential virtues within the virtue continuum

Virtue is moral excellence.

༺༻	Theme	Virtue	Description	Balancing
1.	Personhood	Integrity	When given a choice, people would rather work or live with an individual with integrity over one that lacks it. Someone of integrity can be trusted, relied upon, and can serve as a role model. Integrity is what defines human character, reveals our heart, and determines our legacy.	Corruption ⇔ Legalism
2.	Personhood	Discernment	Having the ability to determine right from wrong, good from bad, and desirable from undesirable is not uncommon. However, having the will to choose right, good, and desirable is completely different. Discerning, then choosing the correct path will often determine a human's fate in work, life, and love.	Foolishness ⇔ Judgmentalism
3.	Relationship	Love	"The greatest of these is love…" Caring deeply for others and demonstrating that in your actions, words, and thoughts may determine the happiness, joy, and contentment you experience in life. Shifting your default from being judgmental to loving will change everything about your life.	Selfishness ⇔ Enablement
4.	Relationship	Respect	He who holds and shares respect for others is a treasure to be seeked. A respectful human cares about what others say, feel, believe, and do … and they show it.	Disregard ⇔ Idolatry
5.	Relationship	Humility	Having an accurate and appropriate measure of self-worth means one does not denigrate or uplift yourself more than is needed or reasonable. A humble man's eyes are opened to a world that appreciates and serves others more than self.	Pride ⇔ Degradation
6.	Action	Diligence	Sticking to something to the end is a one of the rarer virtues today. Seeing it through to the finish line is a worthy goal and life's work.	Slothfulness ⇔ Workaholism
7.	Action	Temperance	Keeping one's lives and actions in appropriate balance ensures that one's life stays on track. Anything in excess can lead to problems that no one enjoys; living with regrets leaves us feeling incomplete.	Licentiousness ⇔ Strictness
8.	Action	Courage	Taking a stand for what one believes helps define oneself and where one is headed. Being bold when needed, open when others are closed, and honest when it is discouraged can make a real difference to oneself and others.	Cowardess ⇔ Foolhardiness

Source: ► Blog article The Virtue Continuum, presented by Eldon's Porch, 4. February 2016

See also: ► Ethics

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Incomplete list of virtues

Virtues are characteristics (valued as an ethical principle) of a person expressing
individual moral excellence and enhancing collective well being.

Virtues of self control

Temperance	Self-control regarding pleasure
Good temper	Self-control regarding anger
Ambition	Self-control regarding one's goals
Curiosity	Self-control regarding knowledge
Frugality (Thrift)	Self-control regarding the material lifestyle
Industry	Self-control regarding play, recreation and entertainment
Contentment	Self-control regarding one's possessions and the possessions of others; acknowledgement and satisfaction of reaching capacity
Continence	Self-control regarding bodily functions

Virtues of self-efficacy

Courage	Willingness to do the right thing in the face of danger, pain, significant harm or risk
Patience	Ability to delay or wait for what is desired
Perseverance	Courageous patience, integrity
Persistence	Ability to achieve objective regardless of obstacles

Virtues of regard

Fair-mindedness	Concern that all get their due (including oneself) in cooperative arrangements of mutual benefit
Tolerance	Willingness to allow others to lead a life based on a certain set of beliefs differing from ones own
Truthfulness/Honesty	Telling someone what you believe to be true in the context of a direct inquiry

Virtues of respect

Respect	Regard for the worth of others
Self respect	Regard for the worth of oneself
Social virtues	Politeness, charisma, unpretentiousness, friendliness, sportsmanship, cleanliness

Virtues of kindness

Kindness	Regard for those who are within an individuals ability to help
Generosity	Giving to those in need
Forgiveness	Willingness to overlook transgressions made against you
Compassion	Empathy and understanding for the suffering of others

See also: ► Seven deadly sins ⇔ Seven heavenly virtues

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Developmental stages of sexual union – Tao

Three Daoist types of integrating Yin and Yang

Stage _____ Quality	Expressing Divinity Divine Mother	Location __________ Quality of union	Type of integration of Yin and Yang __________ Action	Biblical commandment __________ Results	Status
1. _____ Nonin- tegrous	Fertile reproductive valley	Mother's womb __________ Ordinary intercourse	Biological impulse Union of sperm and egg __________ Effortful Diffusing	Be fruitful!	Mortality Transitory
2. _____ Integrous	Fertile reproductive valley	Biological impulse Male sex organ and female sex organ __________ Ordinary intercourse	Sexual union of mature male and female partners __________ Effortful Diffusing	Multiply!	Mortality Transitory

3. _____ Nonlinear	Immeasurable heart Allknowing mind __________ Allness	Inner being of the refined individual Yin and Yang fired upward __________ Union of spirit with spirit, mind with mind, every cell with every cell of both bodies __________ Angelic mutual cultivation¹	Practice of the integral way Selfawareness without ego Refining of gross energy to subtle light energy In the body, not attached to it __________ Calm, relaxed, quiet, natural Integrating	Be stewards to the Earth! –––––––––– Improved health, Harmonized emotions, Healing of addictions Appeasing of negative impulses Transcendent integration of the entire energy body Mastery, Whole, virtuous __________ Mutual uplifting and transformation, bliss	Immortality Imperishable Timelessness Field for the conception of higher life

Source: ► Wang Fou, taoist, author, Brian Walker, translator, Hua Hu Ching. The Unknown Teachings of Lao Tzu,
verse 66, HarperOne, San Francisco, 1995, Harper Collins, revised edition 4. August 2009

See also:
► Lao Tzu and ► Consciousness-Tables and ► Sexuality and ► Tables I and ► Tao
► Three Daoist types of Yin ∞ Yang integration and sacred sexuality and ► Quotes on Karezza

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Four agreements – Don Miguel Ruiz

Recommendations for right livelihood

༺༻	Agreement	Legend
1.	Be impeccable with your word.	Speak with integrity. Say only what you mean. Avoid using the word to speak against yourself or to gossip about others. Use the power of your word in the direction of truth and love.
2.	Don't·take·anything·personally.	Nothing others do is because of you. What others say and do is a projection of their own reality, their own dream. When you are immune to the opinions and actions of others, you won't be the victim of needless suffering.
3.	Don't make assumptions.	Find the courage to ask questions and to express what you really want. Communicate with others as clearly as you can to avoid misunderstandings, sadness and drama. With just this one agreement, you can completely transform your life.
4.	Always do your best.	Your best is going to change from moment to moment; it will be different when you are healthy as opposed to sick. Under any circumstance, simply do your best, and you will avoid self-judgment, self-abuse and regret.

Source: ► Don Miguel Ruiz miguelruiz.com (*1952) Mexican Toltec master, founder of the Sixth Sun Foundation, neoshamanistic, spiritualist author, The Four Agreements. A Practical Guide to Personal Freedom (A Toltec Wisdom Book), Amber-Allen Publishing, November 1997

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Links zum Tugend / Virtue

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Literatur

Josef Pieper (1904-1997) deutscher christlicher Philosoph, Autor, Über die Tugenden. Klugheit - Gerechtigkeit - Tapferkeit - Maß, Kösel, München, 19. Februar 2004
Alasdair C. MacIntyre (*1929) schottisch-amerikanischer Philosoph, Hauptvertreter des Kommunitarismus, Autor, Der Verlust der Tugend. Zur moralischen Krise der Gegenwart, Suhrkamp Taschenbuch, 6. Auflage 25. Juli 1995

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Literature (engl.)

Martin Seligman, Ph.D. (*1942) US American professor of psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, happiness researcher, educator, public speaker, author of self-help books, Christopher Peterson, Ph.D. (1950-2012) US American professor of psychology and organizational studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Character Strengths and Virtues. A Handbook and Classification, Oxford University Press, 8. April 2004
John Bradshaw (1933-2016) US American philosopher, theologian, psychologist, educator, counselor, motivational speaker, author, Reclaiming Virtue. How We Can Develop the Moral Intelligence to Do the Right Thing at the Right Time for the Right Reason, Bantam, 1st edition 28. April 2009

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Externe Weblinks

Wikipedia-Einträge Kardinaltugend, Tugend
Anthrowiki-Einträge Kardinaltugend

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External web links (engl.)

Wikipedia entries Virtue

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Audio- und Videolinks

Videopräsentation von Freya Rosi, Tugenden der Weiblichkeit | Freya Rosi, YouTube Film, 13:23 Minuten Dauer, eingestellt
17. Oktober 2020

1. Fürsorglichkeit für sich selbst und andere,
2. Sanftmut (Charakterstärke, Selbstbeherrschung, Empathie) (mit sich, anderen und der Umwelt)
3. Selbstdisziplin und Ausdauer
4. Sinn für Schönheit
5. Gemeinschafts- und Sozialsinn
6. Hingabe

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Audio and video links (engl.)

Video interview with John Bradshaw (1933-2016) US American philosopher, theologian, psychologist, educator, counselor, motivational speaker, author of Reclaiming Virtue, Moral Intelligence, presented by the broadcaster Houston Public Media, program "Living Smart", #?, host Patricia Gras (*1960) US American television anchor, reporter, journalist, YouTube film,
26:32 minutes duration, posted 11. August 2010

Definition of virtue, discussing how to live life with moral intelligence

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