SpiritualWiki - Enneagramm

Der ganze Prozess der Einweihung ermöglicht dem Menschen, fünf fundamentale Wahrheiten zu erfahren.
1. Das Leben ist hart.
2. Du bist nicht so wichtig.
3. Dein Leben dreht sich nicht um dich.
4. Du hast keine Kontrolle.
5. Du wirst sterben.
Interview mit Richard Rohr (*1943)
US-amerikanischer Franziskanerpater, Prediger, Enneagrammlehrer, An Interview with
Fr. Richard Rohr. Eight Times Blessed,
präsentiert von Reid Baer, 2005

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Das Enneagramm und verwandte Typenlehren

Graphik des Enneagramm

Das mystische System des Enneagramms geht auf den christlichen Mönch und Asketen Evagrius Ponticus (345-399) zurück. Weiterentwickelt wurde es von Ramon Llull (1232-1316) und Georges I. Gurdjieff (1866-1949). Es entstand auf der Grundlage der von den Wüstenvätern entwickelten Modells der Todsünden. Es wurde jahrhun-
dertelang von (Nasqshbandi) Sufischulen verfeinert und kam schließlich über die Jesuiten und andere Strömungen in den Westen. Es dient dazu, die Seelen zu lesen und hilft bei der Wandlung.

Das Enneagramm, so die interaktive Online-Enzykkopädie Wikipedia stellt sich dar als ein neunspitziges esoterisches Symbol, das als grafisches Strukturmodell dazu dient, neun als grundsätzlich angenommene Quali-
täten zu unterscheiden, zu ordnen und miteinander in Beziehung zu set-
zen. Bei der Anwendung des Enneagramms entwickelten sich, je nach
Kontext, verschiedene Richtungen. Im psychisch-spirituellen Kontext
wurde es in der Typenlehre von C. G. Jung und den Typensystemen
von Myers-Briggs und Don Richard Riso verwandt.

Nach Andreas Ebert entstand das Enneagramm als eine sehr alte Typenlehre, die aus der östlichen Weisheitstradition der Sufis stammt und neun verschiedene Charaktere beschreibt. Es ist eine Art Spiegel der Seele, und somit ein Werkzeug, das nicht die Antwort ist, sondern von Ebert selbst als ein Wegweiser unter vielen ausgewiesen ist.

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Vor- und Nachteile von Typologien

Typologien haben den Nachteil, dass sie das menschliche Verhalten auf eine begrenzte Anzahl von Charaktertypen reduzieren und damit die Einmaligkeit, Originalität und Besonderheit des/der Einzelnen notgedrungen vernachlässigen. Zugleich ermögli-
chen sie Selbsterkenntnis und zielen, so Richard Rohr, auf Veränderung und Umkehr und ist deshalb nicht nur als unterhalt-
sames Selbsterfahrungsspiel gedacht. Sie konfrontieren den Interessierten mit seinen oft unbewussten Programmen und Kondi-
tionierungen, um diese – möglicherweise – irgendwann als das zu durchschauen, was sie sind und die Identifikation mit ihnen aufzulösen.

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Drei neurotische Lösungswege

Das Enneagramm unterscheidet neun Typen, wobei diese häufig zudem in drei Untergruppen eingeteilt werden. Die deutschamerikanische Psychoanalytikerin Karen Horney ging ursprünglich davon aus, dass es drei "neurotische Lösungen" von Lebenskonflikten gibt. Die Angehörigen der drei Menschengruppen reagieren folgendermaßen:

༺༻	Neurotische Lösung	Beschreibung	Körperbereich
1.	Feindselig	Feindselige Einstellung gegenüber den Menschen	Bauch
2.	Abkehrend	Abwendung von anderen Menschen	Kopf
3.	Hingewendet	Zuwendung gegenüber anderen Menschen	Herz

Der griechisch-armenische Esoteriker und Lehrer des "Vierten Wegs" Georges I. Gurdjeff (1866-1949)
unterschied die drei Körperbereiche: Kopf, Herz und Bauch.

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Verhalten, Laster und Tugenden der neun Enneagrammtypen

Übersicht: Schlüsselwörter zu Eigenschaften und Lernthemen
der neun Enneagrammtypen

Enneagramm Typ	Charaktermerkmale	Kardinalsünde Laster	Tugend	Anzustreben
Typ 1	Rational, idealistischer Perfektionist, Reformator, Richter, Kreuzfahrer, Kritiker	Zorn Wut	Geduld Tapferkeit Höchstmögliche Wegweisung	Abgeklärtheit Würde
Typ 2	Fürsorglich, zwischenmenschlicher Gebender, Betreuer, Helfer, Pfleger, Berater, Fürsprecher, Manipulierer	Stolz Scham Prahlerei	Demut Dienmut Verehrung	Demut
Typ 3	Erfolgsorientiert, pragmatischer Erfolgstyp, Künstler, Motivator, Produzent, statusorientiert	Selbsttäuschung[*] Geltungsbedürfnis	Integrität Verständnis	Ehrlichkeit Hoffnung
Typ 4	Sensitive/r, introspektiver Individualist, Künstler, übermäßig analytisch, mystisch, melodramatischer Elitist	Neid	Freundlichkeit Mystisches Wissen	Urquelle Wahre Bedeutung
Typ 5	Intensiv, intellektueller Erforscher, Beobachter, Denker, Weiser, Voyeur	Geiz Begierde	Wohltätigkeit Frömmigkeit	Losgelöstheit Wahres inneres Wissen
Typ 6	Engagiert, sicherheitsbetont, treuer Mensch, Advocatus Diaboli, Skeptiker, Beschützer, Rebell	Angst[*] Kummer	Mut, Entschlossenheit	Glauben, Mut, Einigkeit
Typ 7	Beschäftigt, vielseitig engagiert, begeistert, Genießer, Unterhalter, Optimist, Abenteurer, rationalistisch handelnd, Eigenbrötler	Unersättlichkeit	Bescheidenheit Vertiefung Mystische Wahrheit annehmen	Richtige Arbeit Starke Konzentration
Typ 8	Machtvoll, dominierend Herausforderer, Führer, Lösungsfinder, Einzelgänger, Schutzherr, Einschüchterer, strapazierfähige "harte Nuss"	Luxus, Wollust Anspruchsdenken Unzucht	Keuschheit Verständnis Hingabe	Unschuld
Typ 9	Unbekümmert, zurückhaltender Friedensstifter, Vermittler, Naturforscher, Gastgeber, Abdanker	Faulheit Nachlässigkeit Teilnahmslosigkeit	Gewissenhaftigkeit Weisheit	Rechtes Handeln Zügellose Selbstvergessenheit überwindend

[*] Das Enneagram ist eine Oktave, die aus neun Typen besteht, wobei die Typen 3 und 6 je einen zusätzlichen Halbschritt
innerhalb der Oktave einnehmen. Früher bezeichnete man Laster als die Sieben Todsünden.

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Schwächen und gewandelte Aspekte der neun Enneagramm-Typen

Transformation der Laster

·Typ·	Schwäche	Mentaler·Aspekt	Emotionaler·Aspekt	Affirmation
1	Wut	Perfektion	Heitere Gelassenheit	Die Welt ist vollkommen, so wie sie ist.
2	Stolz	Höherer Wille	Demut	Meine Bedürfnisse werden erfüllt und ich bekomme Hilfe.
3	Täuschung	Hoffnung	Wahrhaftigkeit	Ohne eigenes Zutun bin ich geborgen.
4	Neid	Ursprung	Inneres Gleichgewicht	Meine ursprünglichen Gefühle werden wahrgenommen.
5	Habsucht	Allwissen	Nicht-Anhaftung	Was ich zum Leben und Handeln brauche, weiß ich bereits.
6	Angst	Glaube	Mut	Ich bin gerüstet, den Menschen und der Welt zu begegnen.
7	Unersättlichkeit	Arbeit	Nüchternheit	Ich stelle mich in Beziehungen und Projekten.
8	Exzess	Wahrhaftigkeit	Unschuld	Ich stelle mich meinen Gefühlen von Angst, Weichheit, Liebe, und Schmerz.
9	Trägheit	Liebe	Handlung	Ich werde bedingungslos geliebt und angenommen.

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Entsprechungen der Typologien – Gurdjeff und Horney

Georges I. Gurdjeffs Bauchtypen entsprechen der Acht, Neun und die Eins im Enneagramm sowie den "feindseligen Typen" der deutschen Psychoanalytikerin Karen Horney (1885-1952). Sie betrachten ihr Leben als eine Art Kampfplatz. Es geht ihnen, oft unbewusst, um Macht und Gerechtigkeit.
Die Energie der so genannten Herzmenschen enspricht den Enneagrammtypen Zwei, Drei und Vier, die Horney als Hinwendungstypen bezeichnet. Sie bewegen sich auf andere zu. Ihre Domäne ist die Welt der subjektiven Gefühle, ihr Lernfeld sind zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen.
Die Gruppe der Fünfer, Sechser und Siebener ist kopflastig. Horney bezeichnet sie als Abkehrtypen. Ihre Aufgabe ist es, den größeren Zusammenhang (big picture) zu erfassen.

Typologien entsprechend zu die Enneagrammgruppen

༺༻	Triade Geistes- gift	Gurdjeffs Typologie	Horneys Typologie	Zentraler Typ	Flügel- typen	Lernthemen	Ebene	Ausdruck
1.	WUT Ignoranz	Bauchmenschen	Feindselige Typen	Neun	Eins ♦ Acht	Macht und Gerechtigkeit	Unbewusst	Fakir
2.	IMAGE Eitelkeit	Herzmenschen	Hinwendungstypen	Drei	Zwei ♦ Vier	Zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen	Subjektive Gefühle	Mönch
3.	ANGST	Kopfmenschen	Abkehrtypen	Sechs	Fünf ♦ Sieben	Abstraktion	Rationalität	Yogi

Der griechisch-armenische Esoteriker und spirituelle Lehrer des "Vierten Weges" ⚡ Georges I. Gurdjeff (1866-1949) betrachtete den Menschen als dreihirniges Wesen, das sich auf der Kopf-, Herz- und Bauchebene ausdrückt.

Der Herzensweg ist der des Mönchs,
der Kopfweg ist der des Yogis,
und der Bauchweg der des Fakirs.

Die meisten "Wege" konzentrieren sich nur auf eine der drei Möglichkeiten. Entwickelt man einen Aspekt des menschlichen Wesens und unterdrückt die anderen, führt dies schließlich zu einer unausgewogenen Bewusstseinskristallisation. Das einseitig verhärtete Bewusstsein muss schmerzhaft aufgebrochen werden, damit auch die anderen "Gehirne" integriert werden können.

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Kurzprofile der neun Enneagrammtypen

Übersicht: Eigenschaften und Verhalten der neun Typen

Enneagramm Typ	Beschreibung	Vermittelt	Negative Eigenschaft	Ausdruck der Liebe
Typ 1	Prinzipientreuer Lehrer	Gerechtigkeit	Grollend Unpersönlich	Väterlich-fördernd
Typ 2	Fürsorglicher Planer	Geborgenheit	Schmeichelnd Verurteilend	Mütterlich-unterstützend
Typ 3	Geltungsbewusster Verhandler	Prestige	Eitel Großspurig	Schöpferisch-tatkräftig
Typ 4	Individualistischer Ästhet	Selbstachtung	Melancholisch Rätselhaft	Romantisch-verzehrend
Typ 5	Sachkundiger Experte	Unabhängigkeit	Geizig Blockiert	Geistig-platonisch
Typ 6	Einsatzfreudiger Freund	Vertrauen	Feig Mürrisch	Freundschaftlich-treu
Typ 7	Wendiger Träumer	Enthusiasmus	Planend Defensiv	Spielerisch-humorvoll
Typ 8	Großmütiger Held	Führungskunst	Rächend Aufbrausend	Kämpferisch-streitend
Typ 9	Gutherziger Friedensstifter	Eigenverantwortung	Träg Selbstgefällig	Geschwisterlich-akzeptierend

Referenz: ► Das Enneagramm. Die neun Gesichter der Seele, präsentiert vom Claudius Verlag, undatiert

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Neun Reaktionen auf das Gefühl der Scham

Typische Reaktionsweisen der Enneagramm-Typen auf Schamgefühle

༺༻	Beschreibung	Reaktion	Lernlektion der Scham
1.	Rechtschaffener Reformer	Verleugnung • Rechtfertigung	Ich bin nicht vollkommen, brauche nicht vollkommen zu werden und muss es auch nicht von den anderen zu verlangen.
2.	Gütige Helferin	Selbstanklage • Aktivität	Meine guten Taten und meine Fürsorge für andere sind nicht das einzige Kriterium, von Menschen geschätzt zu werden.
3.	Effizienter Macher	Ausreden • Schönreden • Kleinreden	Ich kann es aushalten und verliere nichts dadurch, mich zu schämen, wenn ich etwas Falsches oder Unrechtes getan habe.
4.	Vielseitige Romantikerin	Leiden • Aufmerksamkeit finden	Ich stehe zu meinen Fehlern und übe mich in Gelassenheit. Ich nehme mich und meine Gefühle weniger wichtig und bin dadurch offener für andere Menschen.
5.	Friedlicher Denker	Erklärungen ausdenken • Rückzug	Schämen ist ein Teilaspekt des Menschseins, ich kann das Gefühl erlauben und spüren, und, wenn nötig, den Schaden wieder gutzumachen. Ich verstehe andere besser, wenn ich meine eigene Scham kennenlerne.
6.	Treue Heldin	Verzweiflung • Jammern	Ich lerne bei jedem Schämen ein Stück von mir tiefer anzunehmen und zu akzeptieren, dadurch erkenne ich mehr und mehr, wie wertvoll ich bin, gleich ob ich es den anderen Recht mache oder nicht.
7.	Optimistischer Abenteurer	Ablenkung • Beschönigen	Wenn ich meine Scham akzeptiere, kann ich mich tiefer mit mir selber verbinden und zu mir kommen.
8.	Beschützende Kämpferin	Anklage • Vorwürfe	Ich achte besser darauf, wenn und wofür ich mich schäme, dann wird meine Tendenz schwächer, andere zu beschämen, was mir eigentlich nur Probleme beschert. Ich übe mich in mehr Toleranz.
9.	Gelassener Vermittler	Bagatellisieren • Ausgleichen	Ich stehe zu meiner Scham, wenn sie da ist, und damit stehe ich mehr zu mir selber und nehme mich so wichtig wie die anderen. Das Verständnis, das ich für andere habe, wende ich auch auf mich an.

Quelle: ► Blogartikel von Wilfried Ehrmann, österreichischer Psychotherapeut, Autor,
Reaktionsweisen auf die Scham nach dem Enneagramm, 6. Dezember 2018

Siehe auch: ► Scham

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Typische Merkmale der Enneagrammtypen 1-9

EINS – Perfektionist – Melancholiker

Temperament	Melancholische vollkommene Menschen in Perfekt-Land	Ravenclaw[*]
Motto	"Mach es richtig."
Herzenswunsch	Sensitivität, Mitgefühl
Flügeltyp	Triade der Bauch- und Wutmenschen
Lernthema	Wutthema, Abgrenzung, eigene Bedürfnisse anerkennen
Wut-Strategie	Unterdrückt die offene Äußerung von Wut als "falsch"
Gut fix	Takes up space easily as long as their cause justifies it, without a cause takes up space rigidly and tensely

ist ein idealistischer Weltverbesserer.
ist prinzipientreu.
ist kritisch und selbstkritisch.
beurteilt sich (aktiver innerer Kritiker).
sucht und notiert schnell Fehler und Mängel bei den Mitmenschen.
Streng, korrigierend.
zurückhaltend beim ersten Kontakt.
bemüht sich um Korrektheit.
plant Vorhaben genauestens, Störungen möglichst vorzubeugen.
legt Wert darauf, sich korrekt zu verhalten und auszusehen.
reagiert zornig, wenn er/sie von außen gemaßregelt wird.
besteht auf Autonomie und eigene Entscheidungsfindung nach inneren Wertmaßstäben.
misst unentwegt das eigene Verhalten und Fremdverhalten nach inneren Wertmaßstäben.
nimmt wahr mit einem vergleichenden Denkvorgang gekoppelt (gut/schlecht, richtig/falsch).
neigt zu Perfektionismus.
achtet die Selbstständigkeit von Mitmenschen (Man "drängt sich nicht auf".).
fühlt sich verletzt durch unkorrektes Verhalten von Freunden und kritisiert sie dafür.
entspannt sich, wenn alles in der Beziehung "in Ordnung" ist.
hält ungelöste, unerledigte Beziehungsangelegenheiten schwer aus.
vertritt die Rechtmäßigkeit der eigenen Überzeugung auch gegenüber Autoritätspersonen
(nach sorgfältiger innerer Prüfung).

Referenz: de.Wikipedia-Eintrag ► Melancholiker

ZWEI – Helfer

Flügeltyp	Triade der Herz- und Imagetypen
Lernthema	Geliebt werden um seiner selbst willen
Image-Strategie	Erweckt das Image "Ich bin die Erfüllung deiner Wünsche und Bedürfnisse."
Image fix	Presents himself/herself as a 'servant', as unimportant, as humble

ist hilfreich und großzügig.
agiert fürsorglich.
nimmt persönliche Beziehungen wichtig und pflegt sie.
stellt hohe Erwartungen an Freunde.
drückt menschliche Nähe gern durch Körperkontakt aus.
ist tendenziell eher vereinnahmend.
richtet seine Aufmerksamkeit auf die Bedürfnissen und Nöte von Mitmenschen.
findet aufmerksam heraus, was andere brauchen, was sie erfreuen könnte.
erfüllt die Bedürfnisse einiger ausgewählter Mitmenschen.
sieht Mitmenschen in der Regel als hilfsbedürftiger als sich selbst.
legt großen Wert auf die Reaktion und die Geschenke von Mitmenschen.
verbirgt das eigene (starke) Bemühen um dieses positive Feedback.
stellt die eigenen Bedürfnisse zugunsten anderer hintan bzw. übergeht sie.
nimmt Kontakt mit wichtigen (mächtigen) Personen auf.
versucht, sich bei einflussreichen Mitmenschen in ein gutes Licht zu stellen.
macht sich nützlich bei Vorgesetzten, indem er/sie gut für sie sorgt.
erwartet dafür Wertschätzung.
ist verletzt, wenn er/sie nicht beachtet wird bzw. andere ihm/ihr vorgezogen werden.
fürchtet Zurückweisung.
nimmt Zurücksetzungen persönlich.
fühlt sich gut (Stolz) nach einer gelungenen guten Tat, wofür er/sie Dank geerntet hat.
will unausgesprochen Aufmerksamkeit und Liebe für seine/ihre Hilfeleistung.
wird als manipulativ erlebt, wenn sich seine/ihre aufgestauten Gefühle entladen.
ist konfliktscheu.
legt unvermeidliche Konflikte so schnell wie möglich friedlich bei.
ist zu stolz, Mitmenschen zur Rede zu stellen.
erträgt es nicht, wenn jemand böse auf sie ist.

DREI – Dynamiker

Zentraltyp	Triade der Herz- und Imagetypen
Lernthema	Geliebt werden um seiner selbst willen
Image-Strategie	Image des Erfolgs, um anerkannt zu werden
Image fix	Presents himself/herself as a consistent winner, sometimes as regal

ist aktiv und dynamisch.
verplant gewöhnlich den Tag mit beruflichen oder privaten Aktivitäten.
ist erfolgs-, effektivitäts-, und konkurrenzorientiert
legt Wert auf Kompetenz und Leistung im Berufsleben.
vermeidet Leerlaufzeiten oder Erholungsphasen.
der eigene Erfolg und Prestigezuwachs bestimmt sein/ihr Handeln.
legt Wert auf Außenwirkung und eine positive Selbstdarstellung.
stellt sich und die eigene Leistung übertrieben gut dar.
verlangt Anerkennung für seine Leistung und Erfolge.
ist stets darauf bedacht, öffentliche Beachtung und Aufmerksamkeit zu bekommen.
sorgt geschickt für die Unterhaltung in geselligen Situationen.
erkennt instinktiv, wer für ihn/sie nützlich sein kann.
beurteilt Personen danach, ob sie seinen/ihren Zwecken dienen.
stellt sich auf sie ein, mit der berechnendend Absicht, gut anzukommen.
schmeichelt anderen gern, indem er/sie deren positive Eigenschaften, Aussehen, Geschmack lobt.
akzeptiert als Vorgesetzte nur kompetentere oder leistungsstärkere Personen als er.
bezieht Bekannte, Freunde in die eigene Selbstdarstellung mit ein.
fühlt sich verletzt, wenn andere besser ankommen oder erfolgreicher als er/sie sind.
unterdrückt Verletzungen, setzt sie in Konkurrenzverhalten um.
seine/ihre Selbstdarstellung richtet sich nach vermuteten gesellschaftlichen Erfordernissen,
nicht nach wirklichen Gefühlen.
stellt authentische Gefühle hintan.
wird als täuschend und emotional abwesend erlebt.

VIER – Tragischer Romantiker

Flügeltyp	Triade der Herz- und Imagetypen
Lernthema	Geliebt werden um seiner selbst willen
Image-Strategie	Image des "Besonderen" aufbauen
Image fix	Presents himself/herself as intense, self-referential, deep, sometimes erratic.

ist melancholisch veranlagt.
ist tiefschürfend.
erlebt sich selbst als herzlich und sensibel.
hat einen ausgeprägten Sinn für Schönheit.
nimmt Echtheit und aufrichtigen Gefühlsausdruck sehr wichtig.
fühlt sich als besonders gut oder besonders schlecht, nichts dazwischen.
agiert dramatisch äußerlich und innerlich.
grenzt sich vom Alltäglichen und Gewöhnlichen ab.
möchte duch Individualität und Besonderheit auffallen.
wird von anderen als überkandidelt empfunden.
interessiert sich für auffällige Mitmenschen.
möchte im Austausch wahrgenommen werden und verstanden werden.
sehnt sich danach, die volle Aufmerksamkeit von Freunden zu bekommen.
fühlt sich sehr verletzt, wenn er/sie übergangen wird.
kostet das Gefühl des Schmerzes aus.
tendiert zu tragisch-romantischen, großen Gefühlen.
tendiert dazu, Mitmenschen in verwickelte Beziehungsdramen einzuspinnen.
ist neidisch auf das "gewöhnliche Glück" von Mitmenschen.
beneidet die Stärke anderer, die er/sie nicht besitzt.
nimmt es in Kauf, anzuecken.
träumt von besseren Zeiten, wenn es schlecht um die Gegenwart bestellt ist.
schützt sich vor groben Mitmenschen.

FÜNF – Beobachter

Flügeltyp	Triade der Angst- und Kopftypen
Lernthema	Angst vor der Welt und den Mitmenschen
Angst-Strategie	Spinnt sich in die eigene Gedankenwelt ein
Head fix	Thinks for the delight of 'big ideas' about human behavior, thinks for creating new concepts to keep reality aligned with their 'cerebral landscape'.

liebt es, zu beobachten.
orientiert sich in einer neuen Umgebung durch scharfes Beobachten.
andere fühlen sich von ihr/ihm oft beobachtet.
lebt zurückgezogen.
besteht auf eigener Privatsphäre.
scheut große Menschenmengen.
vermeidet es, öffentlich sichtbar zu werden.
respektiert und achtet die Privatsphäre anderer Menschen.
bevorzugt überschaubare und vertraute Situationen.
möchte sich vorher auf Unbekanntes einstellen können.
betrachtet das Leben intellektuell.
ist eher analytisch als voll im Leben stehend.
gibt dem Denken jeweils den Vorzug.
verschiebt Gefühle und Handeln auf später.
löst Probleme sachlich.
andere fühlen sich von ihm/ihr von oben herab angesehen
wird in Beziehungen als innerlich abwesend empfunden.
zieht sich lieber zurück als zu konfrontieren.
fühlt sich bedroht, wenn jemand nachhakt.
zieht sich nach innen zurück, wenn er/sie sich durch andere bedrängt fühlt.
fühlt sie sich wohl, wenn Mitmenschen ihm gegenüber die nötige Distanz wahren.
äußert Ärger am ehesten mit Sarkasmus.
löst starke Gefühlsregungen rasch auf.

SECHS – Skeptiker

Zentraltyp	Triade der Angst- und Kopftypen
Lernthema	Angst vor der Welt und den Mitmenschen
Angst-Strategie	Beugt der Angst vor den Gefahren der Welt und der Menschen gedanklich vor
Head fix	Thinks for the responsibility of assessing and defending current beliefs and people to figure out what/who is reliable and what they can be certain about

vorsichtig und wachsam.
sucht nach Sicherheit.
registriert intuitiv atmosphärische Stimmungen.
vergleicht das, was andere sagen und vorleben.
beschäftigt sich mit nicht durchschaubaren, hintergründigen Motiven anderer Menschen.
reagiert bei unvertrauten Situationen zunächst verunsichert.
ist mehr oder weniger bewusst ängstlich.
betrachtet die Welt als gefährlichen Ort.
wehrt Angst als phobischer Typ durch Flucht ab.
wehrt Angst als kontraphobischer Typ durch Angriff ab.
grübelt und zweifelt.
zweifelt an sich selbst, an anderen und der Welt.
sieht Mitmenschen als gefährlich, weil sie angreifen oder nicht verlässlich sind.
andere fühlen sich von ihm/ihr auf Verlässlichkeit geprüft und angezweifelt.
agiert handlungsverzögert oder inaktiv.
überlegt lange, ob er/sie einen Konflikt anspricht.
öffnet sich spontan auf Sympathiebekundungen und wenn sie, das Verhalten anderer als echt empfindet.
reagiert bei Nichtübereinstimmungen eher misstrauisch und wachsam.
fühlt sich verletzt, wenn persönliche Nähe nicht (mehr) möglich ist.
kann sehr wütend werden.
geht auf Distanz, um sich zu schützen.
verhält sich loyal gegenüber Autoritäten.

SIEBEN – Epikuräer – Sanguiniker

Temperament	Sanguinische Spaßmacher im Vergnügungspark	Gryffindor[*]
Motto	"Vergnüge dich."
Herzenswunsch	Aufmerksamkeit, Leutseligkeit
Flügeltyp	Triade der Angst- und Kopftypen
Lernthema	Angst vor der Welt und den Mitmenschen
Angst-Strategie	Lenkt sich mit schönen Gedanken vor künftigen angsterweckenden Situationen ab
Head fix	Thinks for the delight of staying on the move (mentally or physically) stimulating one's mind

ist extrovertiert [außenorientiert] und aufgeschlossen.
kreativ und praktisch veranlagt.
ist vielseitig und vielfältig begabt.
denkt schnell und schmiedet gern Pläne.
ist spaßorientiert und sucht [zwanghaft] nach Vergnügungen und Abenteuern.
ist enthusiastisch, ruhelos und zukunftsorientiert.
ist wenig verbindlich und erscheint mitunter oberflächlich.
hüpft von einer interessanten Idee, Tätigkeit oder Person zur nächsten.
ist ungeduldig und anfällig für Süchte.
lässt sich aufgrund mangelnder Fokussierung leicht ablenken.
stellt sie sich gedanklich auf positive Dinge ein.
lebt nach dem Motto "Vorfreude ist die beste Freude".
fühlt sich angezogen von Freude und fröhlicher Stimmung.
weicht unangenehmen Gefühlen und negativen, gedrückte Stimmungen aus.
vergisst Konflikte und unangenehme Ereignisse rasch.
ist ein Schmerzflüchter.
fühlt sich gegenüber griesgrämigen und depressiven Menschen leicht überlegen.
strebt danach, vorwiegend die eigenen Bedürfnisse zu erfüllen.
drängt geschätzte Mitmenschen dazu, ihre Negativität aufzugeben.
kann Freunde in Not aufopfernd unterstützen, indem er/sie stets die Lösung des Problems vor Augen hat.

Referenz: de.Wikipedia-Eintrag ► Sanguiniker

ACHT – Boss – Choleriker

Temperament	Cholerische Kontrolettis im Unterwerfungsland	Slytherin[*]
Motto	"Erledige es."
Herzenswunsch	Anerkennung, Errungenschaften, Status
Flügeltyp	Triade der Bauch- und Wutmenschen
Lernthema	Wutthema, Abgrenzung, eigene Bedürfnisse anerkennen
Wut-Strategie	Ist übermäßig wütend, territorial und impulsbetont
Gut fix	Takes up space unapologetically appearing solid doing so

tritt selbstbewusst und raumgreifend auf.
ist machtorientiert und durchsetzungsstark.
agiert kämpferisch.
wird leicht wütend.
möchte wahrgenommen und wichtig genommen werden (Hier bin ich!).
nimmt gern Kontakt über einen (spielerischen) Streit auf.
neigt dazu, zurückhaltendere Menschen zu übersehen.
möchte die Kontrolle.
kann Streitsituationen gut aushalten.
möchte in Auseinandersetzungen als Sieger hervorgehen.
pflegt Freundschaften, indem er/sie gemeinsam mit anderen etwas unternimmt.
lässt sich durch das Verhalten anderer nicht verunsichern oder verletzen.
verhält sich nonkonformistisch.
lebt eher exzessiv, das Normalmaß übersteigend.
neigt eher dazu, Regeln zu brechen als sie einzuhalten.
verhält sich jemand in seinen Augen unfair, wird er als "Feind" agressiv angegangen.

Typische Achter-Geschichte: Der gerechte König David, selbst jahrelang von seinem Vorgänger König Saul verfolgt,
ließ sich selbst dabei ertappen, als er Rangmissbrauch beging, um die Ehefrau eines anderen zu verführen.

Referenz: de.Wikipedia-Eintrag ► Choleriker

NEUN – Vermittler – Phlegmatiker

Temperament	Phlegmatische Friedensstifter im Land des Friedens	Hufflepuff[*]
Motto	"Vertrag dich mit anderen."
Herzenswunsch	Respekt, bequeme Sicherheit
Flügeltyp	Triade der Bauch- und Wutmenschen
Lernthema	Wutthema, Abgrenzung, eigene Bedürfnisse anerkennen
Wut-Strategie	Ist übermäßig wütend, territorial und impulsbetont
Gut fix	Takes up space apologetically; the unhealthy type seems physically unsubstantial, the healthy type is more in flow

sorgt für harmonische Stimmung.
ist friedfertig.
geht vorwiegend friedlich, ausgleichend und harmonisch mit anderen um.
vermeidet offene Konflikte und Ärger.
verschmilzt mit den Interessen anderer.
nimmt alles "gleich wichtig".
weiß oft nicht, was er/sie will oder nicht will.
hat Mühe, Prioritäten zu setzen.
verzögert den Entscheidungsfindungsprozess.
"vergißt" leicht, wichtige Angelegenheit zu erledigen.
lässt anderen den Vortritt.
stellt eigene Bedürfnisse als unwichtig zurück.
vermeidet eigene Positionen, Wünsche, und Gefühle zu spüren.
bemüht sich, Fehler wieder gut zu machen.
verhält sich im Austausch mit Mitmenschen eher abwartend und passi.
fühlt sich sehr gut in die Standpunkte und Gefühle anderer ein.
tut sich schwer, sich dabei abzugrenzen.
nimmt sich tendentiell nicht so wichtig.
neigt bei Verletzungen dazu, Wut zurückzuhalten, die erst später deplaziert herausbricht.
reagiert mit passiv-trotzigem Widerstand, wenn er/sie angetrieben wird.

Referenz: de.Wikipedia-Eintrag ► Phlegmatiker

Inspiriert durch mehrere Quellen:
► Maria-Anne Gallen (*1958) deutsche Diplompsychologin, Klinische Psychologin BDP/Psychotherapeutin, Autorin, Hans Neidhardt
(*1952) deutscher Diplompsychologe, Klinischer Psychologe BDP/Psychotherapeut, Supervisor, Autor, Das Enneagramm
der Beziehungen, Rowohlt, 1994

Source:
► [*] Video presentation by Mark Gungor (*1954) US American pastor, comedian, marriage counselor, international speaker,
The 4 Countries of People, YouTube film, 16:19 minutes duration, posted 6. May 2012
Minute 0:10: Control country: Slytherin; Choleric control people, Motto of #8: "Get it done." Main desire: appreciation and accomplishments
Minute 2:04: Fun country: Gryffindor; Sanguine fun people, Motto of #7: "Have fun." Main desire: attention and socializing
Minute 7:13: Perfect country: Ravenclaw; Melancholic perfect people, Motto of #1: "Get it right." Strongest desire: sensitivity and compassion
Minute 12:17: Peace country: Hufflepuff; Phlegmatic peace people, Motto of #9: "Get along." Main desire: respect and security

Siehe auch:
► Vier Temperamente und deren Grundformen der Angst
► Vier Persönlichkeitstypen in der Liebesbeziehung

See also:
► Correlated typology chart

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Zitate zum Thema Enneagramm / Enneagram

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Zitate allgemein

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Erfahren mit psychedelischen Drogen und Schamanismus hatte Ichazo legendären Einfluss auf Esalen.

Das Enneagramm ist ein neunseitiges Diagramm, das im Westen zuerst in der Arbeit des armenischen Mystikers Georges I. Gurdjeff (1866-1949) auftauchte. Gurdjieff sagt, dass das Enneagramm ein universelles Symbol ist, und dass darin alles menschliche Wissen und alle Gesetze des Universums enthalten sind. Der bolivianische Mystiker Oscar Ichazo wandte das Enneagramm auf den Menschen an und nutzte es als Landkarte der menschlichen Seele, sowohl in ihrem ego-verhafteten, als auch in ihrem erleuchteten Zustand. Daraus entstanden das Enneagramm der Persönlichkeit und die sogenannten "höheren" Enneagramme der Heiligen Ideen und der Tugenden. Das Enneagramm der Persönlichkeit beschreibt neun Ego-Strukturen, die spezifische kognitive, emotionale und verhaltensmäßige Muster aufweisen.
Interview mit Sandra Maitri, US-amerikanische Künstlerin, Meisterlehrerin in der Ridhwan School, Enneagramm-Lehrerin,
Autorin, Die spirituelle Dimension des Enneagramms, präsentiert von KGS-Hamburg, Mai 2003

Referenz: de.Wikiquote-Eintrag ► Selbsterkenntnis

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General quotes

Naranjo (1932-2019), who studied with Oscar Ichazo in Chile, passed on the Enneagram teachings to Jesuit Robert Ochs (1930-2018), who then brought it into Roman Catholic circles at Esalen, where Naranjo taught. However, the Christian tradition derived from Gurdjieff (1866-1949) was one that rejected the belief in Jesus as a histo-
rical person, and instead insisted that religious experiences were derived from psychoactive substances.
Blog article by David Livingstone (*1966) US American independent scholar and investigator of the occult influence in history,
author, The Sufi Conspiracy, presented by the blogspot survivorbb.rapeutation.com, 17. August 2013

The Enneagram is a powerful and dynamic personality system that describes nine distinct and fundamentally different patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. David N. Daniels, M.D., US American clinical professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, Stanford University Medical School, Virginia A. Price, The Essential Enneagram. The Definitive Personality Test and Self-Discovery Guide, HarperOne, 30. May 2000, new edition January 2010

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Sacred NO

The Enneagram number you find is not for the sake of mere self categorization, it is for the enlightenment of the person, by helping them to recognize their own addic-
tive pattern of seeing and thinking, and how to say 'no' to it so one can see clearly and not just egocentrically. Most historical religions understood this paradox of the 'sacred no.'
Father Richard Rohr O.F.M. cac.org (*1943) US American Franciscan friar, enneagram teacher, An Interview With Fr. Richard Rohr. Eight Times Blessed, presented by Reid Baer, 2005

Eights are fascinated by the masculine and drawn to it. The invi-
tation to eights is mercy. The shadow is that unredeemed eights are merciless toward themselves and others. Because eights are afraid of their 'soft core' […] among the life tasks of eights is to confront the question of power. Power is not in itself bad: it can become a blessing or a curse. Only the encounter with truth can set them free and enable them to see and accept their own weakness. From this experience they can learn to endure and accept the weakness of other people. […] The eight is phallic, macho, and likes to use power to humiliate stupid people. Eights revel in using it. And, if they can get some creative control over that energy, they’ll find a freedom and a humility that will bring them great joy. Father Richard Rohr O.F.M. cac.org (*1943) US American Franciscan friar, enneagram teacher, An Interview With Fr. Richard Rohr. Eight Times Blessed, presented by Reid Baer, 2005

Linking the state of consciousness of early childhood with deep states of spiritual realization has been criticized by the prolific and influential mapper of consciousness Ken Wilber, who has in my opinion misunderstood this view of development as postulating a regression to the state of infancy. He appears to see Being as something that develops, so that when we experience it, we are experiencing something that has just come into existence. From the perspective out of which I come, what deve-
lops is not Being itself, but our consciousness. As I see it, our consciousness develops to the point where we can once again experience the primordial and un-changing nature of everything – which is why we call it True Nature.
Spiritual development from this perspective is the gradual thinning of the veils of the personality so that we can access what those veils have been shrouding. And what we experience is what we experienced as young children before our personality structure formed reality as it is.
The crucial difference between adult realization and the infant's contact is with the realm of Being is the all-important matter of self-reflective consciousness, which the infant does not have. An infant, having not yet developed the filter of the personality, cannot but be experiencing reality as it is in all of its dimensionality, but does so without knowing that this is her experience. So we are not regressing to an earlier state of consciousness when we experience spiritual states – we are experiencing what is present all the time, i.e. the True Nature of everything – as we once did without being aware of it as infants. Sandra Maitri, US American artist, principal teacher in the Ridhwan School, enneagram teacher, author, The Enneagram of Passions and Virtues. Finding the Way Home, S. 38, TarcherPerigee, 9. July 2009

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Englische Texte – English section on the Enneagram

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Overview: Descriptions of the nine types of the enneagram

Psychology and characteristics of the nine types of the enneagram

Type	Natural expression Relaxed state	Imparting	Traits	Neurotic demeanor	Capital sin, compulsion The wound is the gift.	Reclaiming	Key phrase
One Body	Principled teacher	Fairness	Rational, idealistic perfectionist, reformer, judge, crusader, critic	Impersonal	Need to be right Resentful, judgmental	Serenity	I am correct and good, so I can avoid feeling bad or wrong.

Two Heart	Caring scheduler	Feeling of security	Caring, interpersonal giver, caretaker, helper, nurturer, advisor, advocate, manipulator	Evaluative	Need to be needed Helpers, servers, do-gooders	Humility	I am helpful and giving, so I can avoid feeling dispensable and rejected.
Three Heart	Impressive marketeer	Prestige	Success-oriented, pragmatic achiever, performer, motivator, producer, status seeker	Boastful	Need to be successful Refuse to acknowledge failure US American typology	Honesty Hope	I am successful, so I can avoid feeling like a failure and losing face.
Four Heart	Individualistic aesthete	Self-esteem	Sensitive, introspective individualist, artist, over-analyzer, mystic, melodramatic elitist	Mysterious	Need to be special Drawn to darkness, tradedy, film noir, French culture	Original source True meaning	I am special and unique, so I can avoid feeling deficient and dispensable.

Five Head	Competent expert	Independence	Intense, cerebral investigator, observer, thinker, sage, voyeur	Blocked	Need to know / perceive Nerd, takes in data, explanation	Non-attachment True inner knowing	I am knowledgeable and calm, so I can avoid feeling inadequate and depleted.
Six Head	Devoted friend	Trust	Committed, security-oriented, loyal person, devil's advocate, skeptic, guardian, rebel	Grumpy	Need to protect oneself fear-based, security oriented, half the human race Biggest type worldwide German typology	Faith Courage Unity	I am loyal, so I can avoid feeling vulnerable and helpless.
Seven Head	Versatile dreamer	Enthusiasm	Busy, variety-seeking enthusiast, epicure, entertainer, optimist, adventurer, rationalizer, maverick	Defensive	Need to avoid pain Fun lovers	Right work Focused concentration	I am okay, so I can avoid feeling pain and limitations.

Eight Body	Magnanimous hero	Leadership ability	Powerful, dominating challenger, leader, solution master, maverick, protector, intimidator, tough cookie	Explosive	Need to be against / not to be dominated Oppositional, loves to pick fights	Innocence	I am strong, fair and just, so I can avoid feeling vulnerable, weak and powerless.
Nine Body	Kind-hearted peacemaker	Personal responsibility	Easygoing, self-effacing peacemaker, mediator, naturalist, accommodator, abdicator	Self- important	Need to avoid Evasive, disengaged	Right action Overcoming indulgent self-forgetting	I am peaceful and accommodating, so I can avoid conflict and feeling uncomfortable.

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Nine types of the enneagram – exemplified

Descriptions and models of the nine types of the enneagram

Enneagram Type	Features	Spiritual Path	Personalities (Pioneers)
Type 1 Type One	Perfectionist, Reformer, Crusader, Judge, Critic ––––––––––––––––––––– Aggressive Ideal-Seeker	Your spiritual journey is to reclaim a sense of serenity. Even flaws may have a pur- pose. Recognize that true perfection and spiritual growth will come to you when you realize that all things are inherently perfect just as they are.	Paul the Apostle, Mahatma Gandhi (also named a type 9), Mutter Teresa (possibly first, later # 8, also named # 2), Confucius, Joan of Arc, Aristotle, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Nelson Mandela, Queen Elizabeth II., Mary Baker Eddy, Father Richard Rohr O.F.M., Margaret Thatcher, Al Gore, Ralph Nader, Cesar Chavez, Elie Wiesel, George Bernard Shaw, Judith Martin [Ms Manners], Martha Stewart, Vanessa Redgrave, Mr. Spock (character in the TV series Star Trek) Movie: Barbra Streisand, The Way We Were

Type 2 Type Two	Giver, Caretaker, Helper, Nurturer, Advisor, Manipulator ––––––––––––––––––––– Embracing Power-Seeker	Your spiritual journey is about reclaiming your sense of humility. The pride you feel in giving to others may keep you from learning how to receive or from realizing that you may be giving to get. Giving with expectation is a veiled form of taking. True altruism is selfless. Spiritual growth will come to you when you can acknowledge your own needs and learn to give freely without expecting anything in return.	Jesus Christ, Mutter Teresa, Desmond Tutu, Fred Rogers [Mr. Rogers], Jimmy Carter, Princess Diana, Casanova, Betty Friedan, Virginia Satir, Bill Cosby, Barbara Walters, Harry Belafonte, Elizabeth Taylor, Madonna, Brigitte Bardot, Kathie Lee Gifford, Tammy Faye Bakker
Type 3 Type Three	Performer, Motivator, Achiever, Producer, Status Seeker ––––––––––––––––––––– Aggressive Approval-Seeker	Your spiritual journey is to reclaim your sense of honesty and restore your hope. Remember that everyone loves a performer – while they are performing – but this is not the kind of love that lasts. Your spiritual growth will come when you learn to be authentic and be true to the moment.	Oprah Winfrey, Marianne Williamson, George Washington, Jimmy Carter, Tony Blair, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Queen Noor, Jesse Jackson, Katie Couric, Elvis Presley, Kathleen Turner, Raquel Welch, Brooke Shields, Tiger Woods, Tom Cruise, Christopher Reeves, Werner Erhard, David Copperfield, Regis Philbin, Joe Montana, O.J. Simpson
Type 4 Type Four	Individualist, Artist, Over-Analyzer, Romantic, Melodramatic Elitist, Mystic ––––––––––––––––––––– Withdrawn Ideal-Seeker	Your spiritual journey is to connect to original source and create true meaning. Spiritual growth will come to you when you are able to balance your emotional nature with temperance and equanimity. Keep your powerful emotions in check, and you can create the kind of life that you want.	Francis Bacon, Thomas Feverel Merton, Vincent van Gogh, Peter Tchaikovsky, Anais Nin, HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Emily Dickinson, Virginia Woolf, Franz Kafka, John Lennon, Meryl Streep, Spencer Tracy, Bob Dylan, Michael Jackson, Janis Joplin, Nick Nolte, Eric Clapton, Wynona Ryder, Calista Flockhart, Kurt Cobain, James Dean, Laurence Olivier, Edgar Allan Poe

Type 5 Type Five	Observer, Investigator, Thinker, Sage, Voyeur ––––––––––––––––––––– Withdrawn Power-Seeker	Your spiritual path is to reclaim a sense of non-attachment and experience true omniscience – true knowing from a higher source. Spiritual growth will come when you offer freely of yourself to others without fear of incurring obligation and realize that mere information can never be a substitute for true direct knowing.	Gautama Buddha, Thomas von Aquin, Hildegard of Bingen, Helen Keller, Sir Isaac Newton, Sigmund Freud, Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking, Ken Wilber, René Descartes, Nikola Tesla, Charles Darwin, Francis Crick, Ludwig Wittgenstein, T. S. Eliot, Sir Arthur C. Clarke, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, David Lynch, Richard Chamberlain, Agatha Christie, Peter Gabriel, ⚡ Bill Gates, Alfred Hitchcock, Stanley Kubrick, J. Robert Oppenheimer, John D. Rockefeller
Type 6 Type Six	Loyal Person, Loyalist, Devil's Advocate, Skeptic, Guardian, Rebel ––––––––––––––––––––– Embracing Approval-Seeker	Your spiritual path is to reclaim your sense of faith and cou- rage and see unity instead of differences. In your search for security, remember that the only real security lies in having faith and in trusting yourself.	Phobic: George W. Bush, Richard Nixon, Woody Allen, Jack Lemmon, Marilyn Monroe, Bruce Springsteen Counterphobic: Harry S. Truman, George H. W. Bush, Al Gore, John McCain, Andy Rooney, ⚡ Bill Gates, H. Ross Perot, James Carville, Ellen Barkin, Warren Beatty, Dustin Hoffman, Steve McQueen, Paul Newman, Robert Redford, Julia Roberts, Meg Ryan, Alicia Silverstone, Mel Gibson, Monica Lewinsky, David Letterman, J. Edgar Hoover, Jiddu Krishnamurti, Adolf Hitler
Type 7 Type Seven	Epicure, Entertainer, Optimist, Enthusiast, Adventurer, Rationalizer ––––––––––––––––––––– Embracing Ideal-Seeker	Your spiritual journey is to search for right work and focused concentration. Spiritual growth will come to you when you approach life with disciplined sobriety instead of getting high on new ideas, options and plans. Like a stone skipping across a lake that sinks deeply when it comes to rest, you will do well to slow down, experience your inner depths, and focus on completion.	Thomas Jefferson, John F. Kennedy, Theodore Roosevelt, King Juan Carlos of Spain, Newt Gingrich, Richard Feynman, Steve Jobs, Joseph Campbell, Voltaire, Warren Buffett, Sir Peter Ustinov, Cary Grant, Sonny Bono, George Clooney, Peter Fonda, Jackie Chan, Malcolm Forbes, Jack Nicholson, Luciano Pavarotti, Anthony Quinn, Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, Barbra Streisand, Madonna, Shirley Temple, Mick Jagger

Type 8 Type Eight	Leader, Solution master, Confronter, Maverick, Protector, Intimidator ––––––––––––––––––––– Aggressive Power-Seeker	Your spiritual journey is to reclaim your sense of innocence. Spiritual growth will come when you can acknowledge a higher truth and a higher power. As the king or queen of the jungle, you can either take advantage of others with your powerful and commanding presence or make the jungle a safe place for everyone.	Mother Teresa (possibly # 1 or 2 first), Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., Johnny Cash, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Indira Gandhi, Golda Meir, Lyndon B. Johnson, Donald Trump, Bob Dole, Milton H. Erickson, Fritz Perls, Carl Sagan, Pablo Picasso, Bruce Lee, Humphrey Bogart, Richard Burton, Charles Bronson, Sean Connery, Kirk Douglas, Michael Douglas, Robert Mitchum, Frank Sinatra, Mick Jagger, Rosie O'Donnell, Donald Trump, Muhammad Ali, Henry Kissinger, Hillary Clinton, Nikita Khrushchev, Vladimir Putin, Fidel Castro, Mao Tse-tung, Julius Caesar, King Henry VIII of England, Joseph Stalin, Napoleon Bonaparte, Mafia
Type 9 Type Nine	Peacemaker, Mediator, Naturalist, Accommodator, Abdicator ––––––––––––––––––––– Withdrawn Approval-Seeker	Your spiritual journey is to reclaim your sense of right action and awaken from the coma of self-forgetting. Spiritual growth will come to you as you reclaim, define and assert your sense of self in the world.	Mahatma Gandhi (also named as type 1), H.H. 14th Dalai Lama, Carl Gustav Jung, Albert Einstein, Abraham Lincoln, Nelson Mandela, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Gerald Ford, Warren G. Harding, Queen Elizabeth II., HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Walt Disney, Walter Cronkite, Grace Kelly, James Stewart, Sophia Loren, Gary Cooper, Audrey Hepburn, Kevin Costner, Dean Martin, Tiger Woods, culture of Ancient China, culture of Ancient India

Reference: ► Overview Enneagram Introduction, Theory, and Research, presented by 9types.com, undated

See also: ► Quotes – Movie As Good As It Gets (Exemplifying enneagram type 1)

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Keywords, traits, vices, virtues of the nine personality types

Overview: Traits, vices, virtues of the nine enneagram types (octave)

Enneagram Type	Description of characteristics	Cardinal sin Vice	Virtue	Regaining Reclaiming	Planet
Type 1	Rational, idealistic perfectionist, reformer, judge, crusader, critic ____________________________ Temperament: Melancholic perfect people ____________________________ Perfect country [Ravenclaw] Motto: "Get it right." Main desire: sensitivity, compassion	Anger Wrath	Patience Fortitude Highest potential guidance	Serenity Dignity	Mars Anger, protection

Warning: Type 1 may frequently judge you (and myself) harshly in an attempt to escape my fear of being incorrect (in all ways).

Type 2

Caring, interpersonal giver, caretaker, helper, nurturer, advisor, advocate, manipulator

Pride
Shame
Vainglory

Humility
Reverence

Humility

Moon
Nurturing needs

Warning: Type 2 will try to win your love with self serving acts of service while attempting to escape their fear of being unlovable.

Type 3

Success-oriented, pragmatic achiever, performer, motivator, producer, status seeker

Self-deception
Self-entitlement

Integrity
Understanding

Honesty, Hope

Neptune
Idealism, glamour, illusion

Warning: Type 3 can be prone to narcissism and personality shape shifting while they seek personal validation as beautiful and competent.

Type 4

Sensitive, introspective individualist, artist, over-analyzer, mystic, melodramatic elitist

Envy

Kindness
Mystical Knowledge

Original source
True meaning

Venus
Love, beauty

Warning: Type 4's worldview takes the form of black comedy and film noir. They can be prone to depression and pessimism.


Type 5	Intense, cerebral investigator, observer, thinker, sage, voyeur	Avarice Greed	Charity Piety	Non-attachment True inner knowing	Mercury Communication, boundaries

Warning: Type 5 may need to overthink and overmediate their interaction with people and the external world, before taking action.

Type 6

Committed, security-oriented, loyal person, devil's advocate, skeptic, guardian, rebel

Fear
Sorrow

Faith, Courage, Unity

Uranus
Creativity, deviance

Warning: Type 6 has trust issues and may be vulnerable to anxiety and group think.

Type 7

Busy, variety-seeking enthusiast, epicure, entertainer, optimist, adventurer, rationalizer, maverick
____________________________
Temperament: Sanguine fun people
____________________________
Fun country [Gryffindor]
Motto: "Have fun."
Main desire: attention, socializing

Gluttony

Temperance
Council
Apply mystical truths

Right work
Focused concentration

Jupiter
Generosity, wisdom

Warning: Prone to gluttony and addiction, Type 7 is consuming people and environments
while attempting to avoid their fear of being trapped and unsatisfied.

Type 8

Powerful, dominating challenger, leader, solution master, maverick, protector, intimidator, tough cookie
____________________________
Temperament: Choleric control people
____________________________
Control country [Slytherin],
Motto: "Get it done."
Main desire: appreciation, accomplishments, status

Luxury
Self-entitlement
Lust
Fornication

Chastity
Understanding
Surrender

Innocence

Saturn
Control, discipline

Warning: Type 8's vice is both lust and objectification, often manifested in aggression, which masks fear of death and being violated.

Type 9

Easygoing, self-effacing peacemaker, mediator, naturalist, accommodator, abdicator
____________________________
Temperament: Phlegmatic peace people
____________________________
Peace country [Hufflepuff]
Motto: "Get along."
Main desire: respect, security

Sloth
Acedia
Listlessness

Diligence
Wisdom

Right action
Overcoming indulgent self-forgetting

Pluto
Power, transformation

Warning: Prone to conflict avoidance and going with the flow Type 9 may tune out life challenges in favor of a tension free positive outlook.

References:
► Blog entry The Enneastrology Diagram, presented by the blogger Andrea Meek, Winchester, 2001
► Book Caroline Myss Myss.com (*1952) US American spiritual teacher, mystic, medical intuitive, bestselling author, Defy Gravity.
Healing Beyond the Bounds of Reason, Hay House, edition Book Club, 13. October 2009
► Book review Review – Defy Gravity: Healing Beyond the Bounds of Reason (Caroline Myss), presented by Integral Options Cafe,
William Harryman, 20. December 2009
► Audio interview with Russ Hudson, US American principal Enneagram scholar, co-founder of The Enneagram Institute, cofounder and
CEO of Enneagramm Personality Types, author, Enneagram of the Virtues with Russ Hudson, presented by The Shift Network, host
Stephen Dinan, US American CEO of The Shift Network, 1:00:06 duration, recorded 10. December 2016

See also: ► Seven deadly sins ⇔ Seven heavenly virtues, provided by Caroline Myss

[*] The enneagram placed as an octave, types 3 and 6 represent the areas within the octave requiring an extra half-step.
Vices were formerly known as the Seven Deadly Sins.

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Enneagram triads – K. Horney and G. Gurdjeff

Chart of correlated typologies of enneagram triads

༺༻	Level Triad	Poison	Horney's typology	Gurdjeff's typology	Central type	Wing types	Learning themes	Type
1.	GUT.♦. Instinct Unconscious	ANGER Ignorance	Aggressive types (8,1,3)	Belly·people (1, 9, 8)	NINE	One♦ Eight	Power and justice	Fakir
2.	HEART.♦.Passion Subjective feelings	IMAGE Vanity	Compliant types (2,7,6)	Heart people (2, 3, 4)	THREE	Two♦ Four	Interpersonal relationships	Monk
3.	HEAD.♦.Fixation Rationality	FEAR	Withdrawn types (5,4,9)	Head people (5, 6, 7)	SIX	Five♦ Seven	Abstraction Big picture	Yogi

References:
► Article Karen Horney’s Three Trends (Moving Towards, Against, Away From) and the Enneagram Styles, excerpted from the book by
Jerome Wagner, Ph.D., The Enneagram Spectrum of Personality Styles, Enneagram Studies and Applications, 1. January 1996
► Article Tell Me who I Am, O Enneagram, presented by Christian Research Institute, Mitchell Pacwa, S.J., 9. June 2009

The Greek Armenian metaphysician and spiritual teacher of the "Fourth Way" ⚡ George Ivanovich Gurdjieff (1866-1949) saw humans as three brained beings, as head, heart, and gut.

The way of the heart is that of the monk,
the way of the head, that of the yogi,
and the way of the gut, the way of the fakir.

Most 'ways' focus on only one of the three. By developing one aspect of the human being and suppressing the others will result in imbalanced crystallization of consciousness. Painfully, the crystallization will have to be broken apart in order to integrate the other "brains."

Siehe auch: ► Entsprechungen der Typologien – Gurdjeff und Horney

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Correlated typology chart

Types, temperaments, signs, and hormones

༺༻	Type MTBI / Big5 types	Temperament Alchemical color	Fixed sign Planet	Element	Enneagram type Temperament	Hormone type	Attraction	Message
1.	Guardian Follower ♦ Builder ♦ Philistine SJ↔Logical mechanic	Phlegmatic Security seeker Red	Taurus Venus	EARTH	#9 Phlegmatic	Serotonin attracted to serotonin	Sameness	Stand up, not by. No fence allows one to safely sit and watch the world falter.
Guardians – ⚑ concrete cooperators – #9 – phlegmatics speak mostly of their duties and responsibilities, of what they can keep an eye on and take good care of. They're careful to obey the laws, follow the rules, and respect the rights of others.[*]
2.	Artisan Bystander ♦ Explorer ♦ Fun lover SP↔Practical caretaker	Sanguinic Sensation seeker Red	Leo Sun	FIRE	#7 Sanguin	Dopamine attracted to dopamine	Sameness	Stand up, not by. Dictatorships perpetrated atrocities because bystanders stood idly by instead of standing up and getting involved.
Artisans – ⚑ concrete utilitarians – #7 – sanguins speak mostly about what they see right in front of them, about what they can get their hands on, and they will do whatever works, whatever gives them a quick, effective payoff, even if they have to bend the rules.[*]

3.	Idealist Moderate ♦ Negotiator ♦ Wisdom loving perfectionist NF↔Empathic idealist	Melancholic Identity seeker White-Black	Aquarius Uranus Transsaturnian	AIR	#1 Melancholic	Estrogen attracted to dopamine, serotonin and testosterone	Opposites	Imbued with an invaluable idealistic asset, liberals-moderates believe that international cooperation can make peace prevail over anarchy. Idealists need to pay attention whether their work nurtures them.
Idealists – ⚑ abstract cooperators – #1 – melancholics speak mostly of what they hope for and imagine might be possible for people. They want to act in good conscience, always trying to reach their goals without compromising their personal code of ethics.[*]
4.	Rational realist Extremist ♦ Director ♦ Cynic NT↔Analytical thinker	Choleric Knowledge seeker Black-White	Scorpio Pluto Transsaturnian	WATER	#8 Choleric	Testosterone attracted to estrogen	Opposites	Doubting that humankind can create world peace, realists-extremists believe the world is caught in Hobbesian anarchy and condemned to endless conflict and war.
Rationals – ⚑ abstract utilitarians – #8 – cholerics speak mostly of what new problems intrigue them and what new solutions they envision. Always pragmatic, they act as efficiently as possible to achieve their objectives, ignoring arbitrary rules and conventions if need be.[*]

References:
► Wikipedia entry Keirsey Temperament Sorter – Guardian ◊ Rational ◊ Idealist ◊ Artisan
► [*]Entry How the Enneagram System Works, presented by The Enneagram Institute, undated
► Entry The Four Temperaments correlated to Myer-Briggs types – David Keirsey, presented by Keirsey.com, undated

The person who says 'it cannot be done' should not interrupt the person doing it. Chinese adage

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Age-old dichotomy between realists ⇔ idealists / enneagram #8 ⇔ enneagram #1 / cholerics ⇔ melancholics

Sir Samuel Brittan (1933-2020) suggested to question the old dichotomy between "realists" and "idealists."¹
Both are "wrong" and "right" simultaneously. Realists are impressed by Thomas Hobbes's description of the world as a dark place and, indeed, they are often "right." People "seeking Rousseau, are finding Hobbes," as Ralf Dahrendorf coins it. Realists feel superior to frivolous "idealists," who naively dream of a better world. However, "idealists" might be "right" when
they call for goals more ambitious than mere survival. They may be justified when they accuse Hobbesian realists
of merely covering up their jaded supremacy and lack of willingness to share.
Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, Emotion and Conflict. How Human Rights Can Dignify Emotion and Help Us Wage Good Conflict, chapter 9 "How We Can Dignify Our Emotions and
Conflicts", S. 146, Praeger Publishers, 2009

The Realists see no way out of the present mess except to keep the wolves at bay with sticks and fences; the Idealists see a light at the end of the tunnel but have no clear vision of how to get there from here. Monty G. Marshall, Third World
War. System, Process, and Conflict Dynamics, S. 62, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, Maryland, and London, 1999

So-called realists doubt that humankind can come together and create world peace, since, they say, the world is caught
in Hobbesian anarchy and condemned to endless conflict and war. So-called liberals [idealists] are more optimistic,
believing that international cooperation can make peace prevail over anarchy.²
Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, A Dignity Economy. Creating an Economy that Serves Human Dignity and Preserves Our Planet, chapter 12 "We Need Many More Voices and a Clear Direction!", S. 207, World Dignity University Press, Lake Oswego, Oregon, 2012

The important fault lines in conflicts are not those that separate Israelis from Palestinians, Hutus from Tutsis, Singha-
lese from Tamils, or Americans from the rest of the world. There is only one important fault line – the division between
extremists and moderates in all camps. Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdis-
ciplinary scholar in social sciences and humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, Making Enemies. Humiliation and International Conflict, chapter 6 "Humiliation and Terrorism",
S. 121, Praeger Security International, Westport, Connecticut, 30. June 2006

Look at what realists have done for us. They have led us to war and climate change, poverty on an unimaginable scale, and wholesale ecological destruction. Half of humanity goes to bed hungry because of all the realistic leaders in the world. I tell people who call me "unrealistic" to show me what their realism has done. Realism is an outdated, overplayed and wholly exaggerated concept. Satish Kumar (*1936) Indian Jain monk, activist, nuclear disarmament advocate, environmentalist, pacifist, editor of the magazine Resurgence & Ecologist, cited in: Sica, Giulio, What part does spirituality play in the green movement?, presented by the British daily newspaper The Guardian, London, 15. January 2008

(↓)

Age-old dichotomy between realists ⇔ idealists / enneagram #8 ⇔ enneagram #1 / cholerics ⇔ melancholics

Sir Samuel Brittan (1933-2020) suggested to question the old dichotomy between "realists" and "idealists."³
Both are "wrong" and "right" simultaneously. Realists are impressed by Thomas Hobbes's description of the world as a dark place and, indeed, they are often "right." People "seeking Rousseau, are finding Hobbes," as Ralf Dahrendorf coins it. Realists feel superior to frivolous "idealists," who naively dream of a better world. However, "idealists" might be "right" when they call for goals more ambitious than mere survival. They may be justified when they accuse Hobbesian realists of mere-
ly covering up their jaded supremacy and lack of willingness to share. Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, Emotion and Conflict. How Human Rights Can Dignify Emotion and Help Us Wage Good Conflict, chapter 9 "How We Can Dignify Our Emotions and Conflicts", S. 146, Praeger Publishers, 2009

So-called realists doubt that humankind can come together and create world peace, since, they say, the world is caught
in Hobbesian anarchy and condemned to endless conflict and war. So-called liberals [idealists] are more optimistic, belie-
ving that international cooperation can make peace prevail over anarchy.⁴ Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, transdisciplinary scholar in social sciences and humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, A Dignity Economy. Creating an Economy that Serves Human Dignity and Preserves Our Planet, chapter 12 "We Need Many More Voices and a Clear Direction!", S. 207, World Dignity University Press,
Lake Oswego, Oregon, 2012

The important fault lines in conflicts are not those that separate Israelis from Palestinians, Hutus from Tutsis, Singha-
lese from Tamils, or Americans from the rest of the world. There is only one important fault line – the division between extremists and moderates in all camps. Evelin Gerda Lindner, M.D., Ph.D. (*1954) German physician, psychologist, trans-
disciplinary scholar in social sciences and humanities, human dignity researcher, founding president of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies (HumanDHS), author, Making Enemies. Humiliation and International Conflict, chapter 6 "Humiliation and Terrorism", S. 121, Praeger Security International, Westport, Connecticut, 30. June 2006

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Myers-Briggs typology

US American Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Myers read many new psychology books published in Europe. Both studied Carl Gustav Jung's work including the concepts of introversion and extroversion. Jung's work represents the basis for the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). It is a framework for classifying personality types
along four distinct axes:

Introversion ⇔ extroversion,
Sensing ⇔ intuition,
Thinking ⇔ feeling and
Judging ⇔ perceiving.

The four fundamental personality types in the Myers-Briggs typology correlate almost exactly with the four astrological-elemental types:

F ♦ Feeling – Water
S ♦ Sensation – Earth
N ♦ Intuition – Fire
T ♦ Thinking – Air

An individual has one dominant preference in each of the four pairs.

Example: An introverted sensor, thinker and perceiver is an ISTP in Myers-Briggs shorthand.

Focus	Letter	Meaning	Description	Keywords
Source of energy	E	Extraversion	Need to talk things through	Outgoing • talkative • outgoing • friendly • engaging • energetic • sociable
Source of energy	I	Introversion	Need to think things through	Shy • reserved • reflective • independent • cool • thoughtful • self-reliant • controlled • self-motivated • deliberate
Receiving information	S	Sensing	Trusts the establishment and the tried and true	Facts • details • data collection • realistic • practical • detail-oriented • traditional
Receiving information	N	Intuition	Grasps the big picture and future possibilities	Brainstormer • big picture • theory • innovative • unconventional • theoretical • complex
Making decisions	T	Thinking	Uses the logical choice	Rational • black and white • tough-minded • analytical • objective • rational • unsentimental • logical • objective • pragmatic • levelheaded
Making decisions	F	Feeling	Considers others before making decisions	Compassionate • personal • warm • warm • caring • expressing • personable
Personal life	J	Judging – Left brain	Loves routine and to-do lists	Scheduled • structured • organized • orderly • responsible • methodical • hardworking
Personal life	P	Perceiving – Right brain	Enjoys surprises and changing plans	Go with the flow • unscheduled • flexible • tolerant • open-minded • changeable • unstructured

Sixteen Myers-Briggs personality types

༺༻	Personality type Description	Characteristics of type	Dominant function	Auxiliary function	Suitable professions	Famous personalities
1.	ISTJ	Planner Inspector Hard worker values his responsibilities and commitments	Introverted sensing	Judging thinking	1. Auditor 2. Accountant 3. Chief financial officer 4. Web development engineer 5. Government employee	Harry Truman Queen Elizabeth II.
2.	ISFJ	Protector Supporter Modest, determined worker, enjoys helping others	Introverted sensing	Judging feeling	1. Dentist 2. Elementary school teacher 3. Librarian 4. Franchise owner 5. Customer service representative	Jimmy Stewart Mother Theresa
3.	INFJ	Foreseer Developer Counselor Thoughtful, creative type driven by firm principles and personal integrity	Introverted intuition	Judging feeling	1. Therapist/Mental health counselor 2. Social worker 3. HR diversity manager 4. Organizational development consultant 5. Customer relations manager	Mohandas Gandhi Eleanor Roosevelt
4.	INTJ⁵	Conceptualizer Director Mastermind Creative perfectionist, does things his own way	Introverted intuition	Judging thinking	1. Investment banker 2. Personal financial adviser 3. Software developer 4. Economist 5. Executive	Dwight D. Eisenhower Gunter Dueck ⚡ Ayn Rand
5.	ISTP	Analyzer Operator Craftsman Artisan Straightforward, honest type, prefer action to conversation	Introverted sensing	Perceiving thinking	1. Civil engineer 2. Economist 3. Pilot 4. Data communications analyst 5. Emergency room physician	Clint Eastwood Amelia Earhart
6.	ISFP	Composer Producer Warm, sensitive type helping people in tangible ways	Introverted sensing	Perceiving feeling	1. Fashion designer 2. Physical therapist 3. Massage therapist 4. Landscape architect 5. Storekeeper	Johnny Carson Barbara Streisand
7.	INFP⁶	Healer Harmonizer Clarifier Sensitive idealist motivated by their deeper personal values	Introverted intuition	Perceiving feeling	1. Graphic designer 2. Psychologist/Therapist 3. Writer/Editor 4. Physical therapist 5. HR development trainer	Albert Schweitzer Anne Lindbergh
8.	INTP	Designer Theorizer Architect Independent, creative problem-solver	Introverted intuition	Perceiving thinking	1. Computer programmer/Software designer 2. Financial analyst 3. Architect 4. College professor 5. Economist	Albert Einstein Marie Curie
9.	ESTP	Promoter Executor Dynamo Pragmatist loves excitement, excels in crisis	Extraverted sensing	Perceiving thinking	1. Detective 2. Banker 3. Investor 4. Entertainment agent 5. Sports coach	Franklin D. Roosevelt Madonna
10.	ESFP	Motivator Presenter Performer Lively, playful type value common sense	Extraverted sensing	Perceiving feeling	1. Civil welfare counselor 2. Primary care physician 3. Actor 4. Interior designer 5. Environmental scientist	Elvis Presley Elizabeth Taylor Ken Wilber
11.	ENFP	Discoverer Advocate Champion Curious, confident creative type, sees possibilities everywhere	Extraverted intuition	Perceiving feeling	1. Journalist 2. Advertising creative director 3. Consultant 4. Restaurateur 5. Event planner	Carl Rogers Molly Brown
12.	ENTP	Explorer Inventor Visionary Creative, enterprising type, enjoys new challenges	Extraverted intuition	Perceiving thinking	1. Entrepreneur 2. Real estate developer 3. Advertising creative director 4. Marketing director 5. Politician/Political consultant	Walt Disney Catherine II.
13.	ESTJ	Implementor Supervisor Realist – quick to make practical decisions	Extraverted sensing	Judging thinking	1. Insurance sales agent 2. Pharmacist 3. Lawyer 4. Project manager 5. Judge	Colin Powell Queen Elizabeth I.
14.	ESFJ	Facilitator Provider Caretaker Gregarious traditionalist motivated to help others	Extraverted sensing	Judging feeling	1. Sales representative 2. Nurse/Healthcare worker 3. Social worker 4. PR account executive 5. Loan officer	George Washington Dolley Madison
15.	ENFJ	Envisioner Mentor Teacher People-lover, energetic, articulate, diplomatic	Extraverted intuition	Judging feeling	1. Advertising executive 2. Public relations specialist 3. Corporate coach/Trainer 4. Sales manager 5. Employment specialist/HR professional	Mikhael Gorbachev Margaret Mead
16.	ENTJ	Strategist Commander Mobilizer Natural leader, logical, analytical, good strategic planner	Extraverted intuition	Judging thinking	1. Executive 2. Lawyer 3. Market research analyst 4. Management/Business consultant 5. Venture capitalist	⚡ Bill Gates Margaret Thatcher

Source: ► 16 Personalities – Personality Types, presented by NERIS Analytics Limited, 2011-2016

Reference: ► The Best Jobs For Every Personality Type, presented by the US American
business news website Business Insider Richard Feloni and Skye Gould, 4. September 2014

See also: ► Myers Briggs personality types

Spreading of the sixteen Myers-Briggs personality types

༺༻	Personality type Description	% Ratio population	% Men	% Women	Famous personalities
1.	ISTJ	12%	16%	7%	⚡ Harry Truman, Queen Elizabeth II., Warren Buffett, George Washington, Queen Victoria, ⚡ George H.W. Bush, and ⚡ J.D. Rockefeller
2.	ISFJ	14%	8%	19%	Mother Theresa, ⚡ George H.W. Bush, Laura Bush, King George VI, Jimmy Stewart, Clara Barton
3.	INFJ	2%	1%	2%	Mahatma Gandhi, Eleanor Roosevelt, Emily Bronte, Carl Jung, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Florence Nightingale, Shirley MacLaine, Jimmy Carter
4.	INTJ	2%	3%	1%	Sir Isaac Newton, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Hillary Clinton, Al Gore, ⚡ Bill Gates, Alan Greenspan, Ulysses S. Grant, Stephen Hawking, John Maynard Keynes, Ayn Rand, Isaac Asimov, Lewis Carroll, Cormac McCarthy, Gunter Dueck
5.	ISTP	5%	9%	2%	Katherine Hepburn, Lance Armstrong, Bruce Lee, Michael Jordan, Chuck Yaeger, Rowan Atkinson, Clint Eastwood, Amelia Earhart
6.	ISFP	9%	8%	10%	Barbara Streisand, Cher, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Bob Dylan, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Steven Spielberg, Johnny Carson
7.	INFP	4%	4%	5%	St. John the disciple, William Shakespeare, Albert Schweitzer, George Orwell, Audrey Hepburn, Princess Diana, Fred Rogers, A.A. Milne, Helen Keller, Anne Lindbergh, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Julia Roberts, Isabel Myers (creator of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)
8.	INTP	3%	5%	2%	Socrates, Thomas Jefferson, Rene Descartes, Abraham Lincoln, Charles Darwin, Marie Curie, C.G. Jung, Albert Einstein
9.	ESTP	4%	6%	3%	Franklin D. Roosevelt, ⚡ Winston Churchill, ⚡ George W. Bush, Mae West, Eddie Murphy, Bruce Willis, Madonna, Donald Trump, Evel Knievel
10.	ESFP	9%	7%	10%	Marilyn Monroe, Judy Garland, Elvis Presley, ⚡ Ronald Reagan, Elizabeth Taylor, Paul McCartney, Bob Hope, Goldie Hawn, Magic Johnson
11.	ENFP	8%	6%	10%	Mark Twain, Bill Clinton, Phil Donahue, Edith Wharton, Carl Rogers, Will Rogers, Carol Burnett, Dr. Seuss, Robin Williams, Drew Barrymore, Julie Andrews, Alicia Silverstone, Joan Baez, Regis Philbin, Molly Brown
12.	ENTP	3%	4%	2%	Catherine II., Benjamin Franklin, Nikola Tesla, Thomas Edison, Richard Feynman, Lewis Carroll, Walt Disney, Alfred Hitchcock, John Malkovich, "Weird Al" Yankovic
13.	ESTJ	9%	11%	6%	Queen Elizabeth I., George Washington, Harry Truman, Colin Powell, Judge Judy Sheindlin, Dr. Laura Schlessinger, Sandra Day O’Connor, Mike Wallace, Vince Lombardi
14.	ESFJ	12%	8%	17%	Sam Walton, Barbara Walters, William Howard Taft, JC Penney, Martha Stewart, Sally Field, Mary Tyler Moore, Dave Thomas, Ray Kroc, Dolley Madison
15.	ENFJ	3%	2%	3%	Pope John Paul II, Abraham Maslow, Margaret Mead, Martin Luther King, Mikhael Gorbachev, Jr., Oprah Winfrey, Ralph Nader, Dr. Phil McGraw
16.	ENTJ	2%	3%	1%	Napoleon Bonaparte, Carl Sagan, Douglas MacArthur, General Norman Schwarzkopf, Margaret Thatcher, ⚡ Bill Gates, David Letterman, Harrison Ford, Quentin Tarantino

Mental illness tendencies of Myers-Briggs personality types

Article series The Mental Illness Of Each Myers Briggs Type, presented by the online publication Astroligion, January 2017

Complimentary questionnaire to find out one's Myer-Briggs personality type Human Metrics

Sources and references:
► The Sixteen Personality Types, presented by personalitydesk.com
► Discover Your Personality Type, presented by truity.com
► The Definition Of Hell For Each Myers-Briggs Personality Type, presented by Heidi Priebe,12. May 2015

Forum: ► Forums for MB types like INTP Forum (Registration required)

Reference: en.Wikipedia entry ► Myers–Briggs Type Indicator

Referenz: de.Wikipedia entry ► Myers-Briggs-Typenindikator

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Characteristics of the inferior function

According to Marie-Louise von Franz⁷, the primitive function will often sabotage one's conscious aims in life.
Having one's full consciousness developed means one is fully aware of one's inferior side.

THINKING TYPES – ENTJ ❁ INTP ❁ ESTJ ❁ ISTP

The inferior function will express itself in disruptive explosive or implosive feelings or in rigid likes and dislikes which are pure prejudice.
Extraverted·thinking	ENTJ • ESTJ	Introverted feeling : depressions, fear of being rejected
Introverted thinking	INTP • ISTP	Extroverted feeling : black-and-white judgments, a two-valued world, tendency to over dependency and sticky, clingy relationships

FEELING TYPES – ENFJ ❁ INFP ❁ ESFJ ❁ ISFP

The inferior function will express itself in domineering and dogmatic opinions which run far beyond one's real certitude.
Extroverted·feeling	ENFJ • ESFJ	Introverted thinking : over-critical, cynical attitudes, tendency to classify people rigidly, getting caught up in a system of thought that one tries to sell
Introverted feeling	INFP • ISFP	Extraverted thinking : overwhelmed with too many ideas, too much material, is forced to oversimplify any description of social reality

SENSING TYPES – ESFP ❁ ISFJ ❁ ESTP ❁ ISTJ
The inferior function will express itself in catastrophic expectation.

Extraverted·sensation	ESFP • ESTP	Introverted intuition : can frighten one with weird vision and fantasies of disaster
Introverted sensation	ISFJ • ISTJ	Extraverted intuition : attracts one to far-out apocalyptic groups or feelings of apocalyptic doom in the collective world

INTUITIVE TYPES – ENFP ❁ INFJ ❁ ENTP ❁ INTJ
The inferior function will express itself in absorption in the material world, especially in piling up possessions, greed, and pleasure seeking which is compulsive.

Extraverted·intuition	ENFP • ENTP	Introverted sensation : will concentrate on inner feelings and pleasure, paradoxically ignores real bodily needs until they cry out to be heard
Introverted intuition	INFJ • INTJ	Extraverted sensation : gets strongly attached to having (in contrast to doing and being), expresses itself in an inferior grasp of space and time facts

Individuation calls for one to become fully aware of the inferior function, "the devil speaking" but also where the angels can come in. One cannot simply tackle the inferior function directly, on a conscious level. Here is where Jung's transcendent function comes in, creating or drawing upon uniting or reconciling symbols which allows one to find not perfection, but wholeness or completeness, and helps one to find useful ways of expressing the opposites in one's life. Jung's concept of religious experience includes this reconci-
liation.

Characteristics of the Inferior Function

༺༻	Features of the "inferior function"
1.	The unconscious often speaks to the conscious mind through the Inferior Function. Therefore, it holds the secret key to becoming an integrated, whole person – a person who can access untapped potentials.
2.	You may often tie into an ecstatic experience through the Inferior Functions (especially in the second half of life).
3.	When used in a conscious way, its use is generally slow compared to the dominant and auxiliary functions and is not used as competently.
4.	You feel like you are behaving either like a fool or a hero.
5.	You can experience either a state of inflation or a state of hopelessness and gloom.
6.	It often shows itself as the despised parts of your personality and maladapted (not congruent to the "Me" you consciously know).
7.	You often experience a touchiness around someone criticizing any work or behavior which involves this function. You may become paralyzed and send your tyrant out to defend yourself.
8.	Your judgment about your ability to use this function competently is not very positive, so you can be easily influenced by others' judgments in matters involving its use.
9.	Behavior can become compulsive – you cannot seem to stop what you are doing even if a part of your conscious mind wants to.
10.	You may often feel a tremendous charge of emotions.
11.	You may be moody.
12.	It is difficult for its opposite function to be usable (example: for a dominant Thinker, when the inferior Feeling function is "in charge", the person cannot think).
13.	Often ideas, thoughts, and feelings that surface are not grounded in reality.
14.	You are not available to other people for "rational" discussions."

Coping with the Inferior Function

༺༻	Features of the "inferior function"
1.	Give it time to function.
2.	Don't attempt work which involves extensive use of this function when you are tired and/or under stress.
3.	Don't expect to use it with the same efficiency as you use your dominant and auxiliary.
4.	Deal with this function with a sense of humor. Observe when old patterns come up and learn to laugh about them. This usually takes away some of the energy invested in the situation and allows you to rebalance. When this happens you can then look at what triggered your habitual response – what "hooked" you.
5.	Remember when you feel foolish that it is the fool who often finds the treasure.
6.	Ask your dominant or auxiliary function to take a vacation so that your inferior function has time to develop. The more it is developed, the easier it will be for you to use it consciously and the less likely are the chances you will experience it as intruding in "unproductive" ways.
7.	Watch for bodily and/or emotional changes which signal its presence.
8.	Look at your projections – they often signal a trait about yourself which you are not consciously willing to own, thus setting yourself up for being in the grips of the inferior function. To do this, examine what qualities, values, or principles you see in the other person that bother you. Remember that it is through the inferior function that the unconscious frequently tries to communicate with you concerning matters about which you need to become conscious.
9.	Look at what you envy in others and take self-ownership.
10.	Have dialogues with the parts of you that you dislike. Write down your thoughts and feelings. Getting this objectivity often allows you to become "more conscious."
11.	Be humble – neither super-critical nor self-pitying.

Reference: ► Article by Michael T. Robinson, Cognitive Functions Explained In Simple Terms,
presented by CareerPlanner.com (1997-2018), undated

See also: ► Myers-Briggs typology

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List of Socionics types

The Socionics model A of the psyche, using Carl Jung's typology as a foundation, was created in the 1970's by the Lithuanian psychologist, sociologist, and economist Aushra Augusta (†2005). He was the dean of the Vilnius Peda-
gogical University's department of family science.
Socionics has 16 sociotypes. A person gravitates only to one sociotype, a specific, unique mode of information metabolism. It pairs 8 information elements with 8 functions.

Socionics typology chart

Quadra type	༺༻	Socionics type Description	Characteristics of intro/extroverts	Listing	Names of correlated famous personalities
Alpha	1.	LII – INTj Analyst	Logical intuitive introvert Rational-judging	LIIs	Carrie-Ann Moss, Nicole Kidman, Maximilien Robespierre, Larry Page, Larry King, Immanuel Kant, Colin Powell, Donald Rumsfeld
Beta	5.	LSI – ISTj Inspector	Logical sensing introvert Rational Judging	LSIs	Jason Statham, Burt Reynolds, Dick Cheney, Condoleezza Rice, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Al Pacino, Alex Trebek, Anthony Hopkins
Gamma	9.	ESI – ISFj Guardian	Ethical sensing introvert Rational-judging	ESIs	Meg Ryan, John Travolta, Mischa Barton, David Hasselhoff, Julianne Moore, Kevin Costner
Delta	13.	EII – INFj Empath	Ethical intuitive introvert Rational-judging	EIIs	Abraham Lincoln, Adrien Brody, David Duchovny, John Forbes Kerry, Neve Campbell, Calista Flockhart, Christopher Reeve, Jeremy Irons, James Hillman
Alpha	4.	SEI – ISFp Mediator	Sensing ethical introvert Irrational-perceiving	SEIs	George Lucas, Claire Forlani, Johnny Depp, Kevin Spacey, Danny Devito, John Candy, Matt LeBlanc
Gamma	10.	SEE – ESFp Diplomat	Sensing ethical introvert Irrational-perceiving	SEEs	Milla Jovovich, Britney Spears, Joe Pesci, Gene Hackman, Elizabeth Taylor, Elvis Presley, George W. Bush, Ken Wilber
Delta	16.	SLI – ISTp Craftsman	Sensing logical introvert Irrational-perceiving	SLIs	John Goodman, Angelina Jolie, Jeff Daniels, Harrison Ford, Hayden Christensen, John Malkovich, Mickey Rourke, Grace Kelly
Beta	8.	IEI – INFp Romantic	Intuitive ethical introvert Irrational-perceiving	IEIs	Hans Christian Andersen, Edward Norton, Mahatma Gandhi, Adam Rodriguez, Andy Warhol, Josh Hartnett, Michael Jackson, Garrison Keillor
Gamma	12.	ILI – INTp Critic	Intuitive logical introvert Irrational-perceiving	ILIs	John Rhys-Davies, Dustin Hoffman, George Orwell, Gabriel Verne, Charles Darwin
Alpha	3.	ESE – ESFj Enthusiast	Ethical sensing extrovert Rational-judging	ESEs	Jacques Chirac, Bill Clinton, Jessica Alba
Beta	7.	EIE – ENFj Actor	Ethical intuitive extrovert Rational-judging	EIEs	Michael Moore, David Bowie, Mary Tyler Moore, Michael Douglas
Gamma	11.	LIE – ENTj Entrepreneur	Logical intuitive extrovert Rational-judging	LIEs	Julia Roberts, Brad Pitt, Amanda Peet, Matt Damon
Delta	15.	LSE – ESTj Director	Logical sensing extrovert Rational Judging	LSEs	Mel Gibson, Cindy Crawford, Gillian Anderson, Daniel Craig, George Bush Sr., Bruce Willis, Arnold Schwarzenegger
Alpha	2.	ILE – ENTp Inventor	Intuitive logical extrovert Irrational-perceiving	ILEs	⚡ George Soros, Albert Einstein, Alan Greenspan, Justin Long
Beta	6.	SLE – ESTp Conqueror	Sensing logical extrovert Irrational-perceiving	SLEs	Marlon Brando, Gordon Ramsay, Johnny Knoxville, Mike Tyson
Delta	14.	IEE – ENFp Psychologist	Intuitive Ethical extrovert Irrational-perceiving	IEEs	Katharine Hepburn, Elijah Wood, Keanu Reeves, Michael J. Fox, Heather Graham, David Schwimmer, Diane Keaton, Carrie Fisher

Socionics typology chart

Rational judging type – left brained	Irrational perceiving type – right brained
Tends to plan ahead, make decisions early	Tends to wait and see, more spontaneous
Tends to be rigid and stubborn	Tends to be flexible and tolerant.
Avoids to change decisions	Changes decisions frequently.
Tends to finish what they started.	Tend to start new things without finishing them.
Usually has stiff movements.	Usually has gentle movements.
Gravitates to a more 'authoritarian' leadership style.	Gravitates to a more 'democratic' leadership style.
Has low stress tolerance.	Has high stress tolerance.

Rational types	LII (INTj)	ESE (ESFj)	LSI (ISTj)	EIE (ENFj)	ESI (ISFj)	LIE (ENTj)	EII (INFj)	LSE (ESTj)
Irrational types	ILE (ENTp)	SEI (ISFp)	SLE (ESTp)	IEI (INFp)	SEE (ESFp)	ILI (INTp)	IEE (ENFp)	SLI (ISTp)

ILE, SEI, ESE, LII are Alpha quadra types.

Alpha types are judicious, merry, democratic.

EIE, LSI, SLE, IEI are Beta quadra types.

Beta types are decisive, merry, aristocratic.

SEE, ILI, LIE, ESI are Gamma quadra types.

Gamma types are decisive, serious, democratic.

LSE, EII, IEE, SLI are Delta quadra types.

Delta types are judicious, serious, aristocratic.

To find one's own Socionics type a questionaire is offered: Sociotype Test

See also: ► Myers-Briggs typology

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Characteristics of the INFP type

Introvert	Quiet, reserved, self sufficient, solidarizing drains their energy, comfortable being alone, processes thoughts internally, needs time alone to recharge
Intuitive	Imagitive, creative, introspective, good at analysis and complex topics, focuses on the future instead of the present, trusts gut instincts
Feeling	Uses personal values, feelings and subjective criteria to make decisions, ruled by the heart, not the head, diplomatic, tactful, empathetic, motivated by appreciation, prefers to avoid arguments and conflicts.
Perceiving	Prefers spontaneity, flexibility, keeping options open, being adaptable, going with the flow, playful, less aware of time, prefers to start projects, questions the need for many rules
Creative	INFPs are extremely imaginative and creative individuals. They like to think outside-the-box and see ingenious or innovative ways to do things.
Sincere	INFPs believe in being authentic as much as possible. Lying is anathema to them, and while INFPs can be guarded, they are extremely turned off by phony or manipulative behavior.
Empathetic	INFPs tend to mirror the emotions of other people – they put themselves in other people's shoes and use their imagination and empathy to have compassion for them. They are very good at listening to other people’s problems and concerns without passing judgment. They are skilled at providing a safe space for other people to talk, express themselves, and find support.
Open•minded	INFPs tend to have a live-and-let-live attitude towards others. They don't desire to force their beliefs onto others, and usually they will only call out someone’s behavior if it's hurting someone or if it clearly violates their values.
Dedicated	INFPs are passionate about the causes that are close to their hearts. They are very loyal to their beliefs and are dedicated to their vision and ideas for the future. They can be very courageous when fighting for a value or cause they believe in.

INFPs, called "the mediator", "the true harmonizer" and "the authenticator", are paradoxical beings.
1. INFPs want to help others yet they resist human contact.
2. INFPs are both curious and shy.
3. INFPs can be extremely determined or apathetic.
4. INFPs can be easygoing or stubborn.
5. INFPs are perfectionists but can also be negligent.
6. INFPs are unconventional and quirky, but also traditional.
7. INFPs want to be autonomous and free, but also have stability and order.
8. INFPs feel happy and sad at the same time.
9. INFPs want the ideal partner, but may find themselves drawn to toxic relationships.
10. INFPs are both children and old souls.
11. INFPs can actually be very productive.
12. INFPs are incredibly relaxed and easygoing about certain things.
13. Although sensitive, INFPs can be incredibly resilient.
14. Although emotional, INFPs are both rational and calculating.
15. Despite being introverts, INFPs can be remarkably talkative.
16. INFPs obtain comfort from structure and the real world.
17. INFPs have the capacity to be incredibly happy.
18. INFPs are human catalysts and adverse to cliques.
19. INFPs are vicarious scapegoats carrying the conscience of the entire human race.

Source: ► Article INFP (the authenticator, idealist,& mediator), presented by darbi sue dunbar, 6. May 2017

Source: ► Article by Anne Lee 8 Unexpected Traits of the INFP Personality, presented by the publication Introvert Dear, 13. March 2019

INFP AQUARIUS
The INFP Aquarius is probably something of a rebel. The INFP is individual-minded anyway but an Aquarius INFP likely takes this to another level. It's them against the establishment, fighting for the good of humanity. They have noble ideals and values and they are motivated by meaningful causes to which they can devote their passion. The Aquarian INFP wants to help others and they likely have an interest in humanitarianism and philanthropy. They use their creative minds to devise clever unorthodox ideas that challenge the status quo. They are very inspired and enchanted individuals who have the capacity to light a fire in the hearts of others.

Source: ► Article 12 Variations of INPF? – Zodiac And The MBTI, presented by the publication Astroligion, undated

Ten phrases not received graciously by INFP types
1. You're being too emotional.
2. You're too naive.
3. Don't take this personally.
4. Life's not fair.
5. Stop trying to find a deeper meaning.
6. Get your head out of the clouds.
7. You wouldn't understand.
8. Because I said so.
9. You're just like this other person _____ .
10. Lighten up!

Source: ► Blog article 10 Things You Should Never Say to an INFP, presented by Psychology Junkie, Susan Storm, 3. September 2017

ENFPs juxtaposed to INFPs

1.	ENFPs speculate first and feel second.	INFPs feel first and speculate second.
2.	ENFPs enjoy the spotlight.	INFPs shy away from the limelight.
3.	ENFPs use humor to make light of serious situations.	INFPs prefer to delve deeply into serious situations.
4.	ENFPs leap before they look.	INFPs look before they leap.
5.	ENFPs tend to question their extroversion.	INFPs tend to be positive that they're [50%] introverts.
6.	ENFPs are more at risk of losing touch with their feelings.	INFPs are more at risk of losing touch with the external world.
7.	When a loved one is in need of advice, ENFPs offer empowering suggestions.	INFPs offer emotional guidance.
8.	ENFPs fantasize about the different experiences they could have.	INFPs fantasize about the different feelings they could have.
9.	ENFPs are open and welcoming.	INFPs take time to warm up to new people.
10.	ENFPs are highly excitable – even when they are alone.	INFPs are selectively excitable around others.

Source: ► Article 10 Signs You're An ENFP, Not An INFP, presented by the website Thought Catalog, Heidi Priebe, 29. September 2015

Famous INFP personalities

William Shakespeare, Helen Keller, Albert Schweitzer, Fred Rogers, John Lennon, Emily Brontë
Princess Diana, Audrey Hepburn, Kurt Cobain, Tori Amos, Ann Morrow Lindberg

Written references:
► Article INFP Personality Type – The Idealist, presented personality perfect, undated
► Typology question and answers What is an INFP like?, presented by the Californian question-and-answer website Quora,
started April 2017
► Article 12 Secrets of the INFP Personality Type, presented by the online publication Introvert, Dear, Jenn Granneman, 14. January 2018
► Deleted article ''INFP In-Depth Profile – A Look At "The Idealist", presented by Psychology Junkie, Susan Storm, 29. May 2018

See also: ► Myers-Briggs typology

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Characteristics of the four temperaments

Questions raised by the four temperaments

༺༻	Behavior	Question	Temperament	Enneagram type
1.	Cowardice asks the question,	*Is it safe?*	Phlegmatic	Type #9
2.	Expediency asks the question,	*Is it politic?*	Choleric	Type #8
3.	Vanity asks the question,	*Is it popular?*	Sanguin	Type #7
4.	But conscience asks the question,	*Is it right?*	Melancholic	Type #1
❁	And there comes a time when one must take a position that is neither safe, nor politic, nor popular but one must take it because conscience tells one it is right.

Source: ► Speech by Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) US American Baptist minister, activist, leader of the African American
civil rights movement, Nobel Peace Prize laureate, 1964, Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution, National Cathedral,
Washington, DC, 31. March 1968, Congressional record, 9. April 1968

Differentiating the four temperaments

Traits	Choleric	Sanguine	Phlegmatic	Melancholic
Motto	"Do it."	"Have fun."	"Be nice to others."	"Do it right."

Characteristics	Determined, quick to act, fiery, energetic, passionate Rational realist Expediency	Warm hearted, outgoing, volatile, optimistic, cheerful Artisan Vanity	Slow, patient, calm, quiet, shy, rational, consistent Idealist Cowardice	Serious, quiet, anticipating, sad, fearful, depressed, poetic, artistic Guardian Conscience
Psyche pole	Extraverted Task-oriented Outgoing	Extraverted People-oriented Outgoing	Introverted People-oriented Reserved	Introverted Task-oriented Reserved

Element	FIRE	AIR	WATER	EARTH
Season	Summer	Spring	Winter	Autumn
Humour	Yellow bile	Blood	Phlegm	Black bile

Personalities	Julius Caesar, Nero, Margret Thatcher, Donald Trump, Oprah Winfrey, Bill O'Reilly⁸	Pope Francis, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, Barack Obama, Ursula K. LeGuin, Simon Sinek⁹	Mahatma Gandhi, Princess Diana, Nelson Mandela, Dalai Lama, Michael Jackson¹⁰	Socrates, Marie Curie, Vincent van Gogh, Carl Gustav Jung, Albert Einstein, Jordan Peterson, Morgan Freeman¹¹

Beneficial dealings with people and their respective temperaments

Choleric	Sanguine	Phlegmatic	Melancholic
Honor the realist	Enjoy the entertainer	Respect the watcher	Dignify the idealist
Know they charge ahead doing it now	Let them have fun	Understand they are nice to others	Consider they insist in doing it right
Be brief	Be exciting	Be amiable, easy-going	Be broad, specific and accurate
Confront and tease them	Be optimistic	Be patient	Provide different perspectives
Challenge the maker	Be friendly	Be appreciative	Engage the shaker
Provide direct answers	Give strokes	Give lots of lead time	Raise deepening questions
Provide high points only	Let them talk	Present change in a non-threatening way	Provide layers of explanations Reassure them of no surprises
Free them from details	Don't dwell on details	Define roles clearly	Provide details Use charts and graphs
Stress results	Put details in writing	Provide support	Point to synchronicities Show how the pieces fit
Stick to business	Provide incentives	Recede their anxiety	Allow for depth and width
Stress logic	Use expert testimonials	Let them sort it out	Allow for the bigger picture to unfold
Emphasize what, when	Emphasize who	Emphasize how, when	Emphasize why

Reference: en.Wikipedia entry ► Four temperaments

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Human Design System

Reference (engl.): ► Human Design System

Referenz (deutsch): ► Human Design System und ► Human Design System

Siehe auch: ► Vier Haupttypen des Menschen

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Links zum Thema Enneagramm / Enneagram

[Edit]

Literatur

Eli Jaxon-Bear (*1947) US-amerikanischer spiritueller Lehrer, Enneagramm-Lehrer, Autor, Die neun Zahlen des Lebens.
Das Enneagramm – Charakterfixierungen und spirituelles Wachstum, Droemer Knaur, 1989
Maria-Anne Gallen, Hans Neidhardt, Das Enneagramm unserer Beziehungen. Verwicklungen, Wechselwirkungen, Entwicklungen, Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, 16. Auflage 2. April 1994

Psychologisch orientiert, unterhaltsam zu lesen, gibt einen guten Einblick

Dr. Stephen H. Wolinsky, US-amerikanischer Lehrer für Selbsterforschung und Kaschmirischer Shivaismus, Jenseits des Enneagramms. Der Weg des Menschen in der Quantenpsychologie, Lüchow, 1. Auflage 1. Februar 1998
Helen Palmer, Das Enneagramm in Liebe und Arbeit, Droemer Knaur, Juni 2000
Helen Palmer, Das Enneagramm. Sich selbst und andere verstehen lernen, Droemer Knaur, Juni 2000
Helen Palmer und Paul Brown, Das Enneagramm im Beruf, Droemer Knaur, 1. Juli 2000

Psychologisch orientiert, von der amerikanischen Kultur geprägt, beschreibt Arbeitsbeziehungen und -situationen

Don Richard Riso (1946-2012) US-amerikanischer Mitbegründer und Experte der Lehre vom Enneagramm, Autor, Russ Hudson, US-amerikanischer Enneagramm-Vordenker, Geschäftsführer der Enneagramm Personality Types, Mitbegründer des Enneagramm-Instituts sowie Gründer der Internationalen Enneagramm Gesellschaft, Autor, Die Weisheit des Enneagramms, Goldmann Verlag, 1. Oktober 2000

Spirituell orientiert, umfassendste und komplexeste Darstellung, gute Beschreibung der Entwicklungsstufen der 9 Muster

Don Richard Riso (1946-2012) US-amerikanischer Mitbegründer und Experte der Lehre vom Enneagramm, Autor, Franz Janowitz, Die Weisheit des Enneagrams. Entdecken Sie Ihren inneren Reichtum, Goldmann Verlag, Oktober 2000
Sandra Maitri, US-amerikanische Künstlerin, Meisterlehrerin in der Ridhwan School, Enneagramm-Lehrerin, Autorin, Christine Bolam, Übersetzerin, Neun Porträts der Seele. Die spirituelle Dimension des Enneagramms, J. Kamphausen Verlag, 2000,
2. Auflage 1. Januar 2002, Taschenbuchauflage 12. November 2013
Eli Jaxon-Bear (*1947) US-amerikanischer spiritueller Lehrer, Enneagramm-Lehrer, Autor, Atma Priya Bern, Das spirituelle Enneagramm. Neun Pfade der Befreiung, Goldmann Verlag, Oktober 2003
Richard Rohr (*1943) US-amerikanischer Franziskanerpater, Prediger, Enneagrammlehrer, Autor, Andreas Ebert, Das Enneagramm. Die neun Gesichter der Seele, christlich orientierter "Klassiker" im deutschsprachigen Raum, Claudius Verlag, München, 41. Auflage 2005
Monika Gruhl, Das Enneagramm. Strategien für die eigene Entwicklung, Herder, Freiburg, 4. Auflage 22. September 2005
Wilfried Reifarth, deutscher Diplompsychologe, Ennegrammlehrer (DEZ), Autor, Bejahen, Verneinen, Versöhnen. Gurdjieff
und das Enneagramm, Lambertus-Verlag, 11. April 2013

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Literature (engl.)

Father Richard Rohr O.F.M. (*1943) US American Franciscan friar, enneagram teacher, author, Enneagram II. Advancing Spiritual Discernment, Crossroad, New York, 1st edition 15. February 1995
Jerome Wagner, Ph.D., The Enneagram Spectrum of Personality Styles, Enneagram Studies and Applications,
1. January 1996
David N. Daniels, M.D., US American clinical professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, Stanford University Medical School, Virginia A. Price, The Essential Enneagram. The Definitive Personality Test and Self-Discovery Guide'', HarperOne,
30. May 2000, new edition January 2010
Eli Jaxon-Bear (*1947) US American spiritual teacher, Enneagram teacher, author, The Enneagram of Liberation. From Fixation to Freedom, Leela Foundation, September 2001
Nathan Bernier, The Enneagram. Symbol of All and Everything, Gilgamesh Publishing, 1. January 2003

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Externe Weblinks

Google-Suche zum Stichwort Enneagramm: 212.000 Einträge [Stand Juli 2020], 245.000 Einträge [Stand Januar 2021]

Wikipedia-Einträge Enneagramm, Neun, Selbsterkenntnis

Enneagramm-Typologie mit Beschreibungen, präsentiert von eclecticenergies.com
Enneagramm.eu

Human Design

HumanDesign Humandesignsystem.info
- Gratis Human Design Körperdiagramm (Rave Chart) Humandesignsystem.info

Integrale Perspektiven Tabelle, präsentiert von der deutschen Zeitschrift Integrale Perspektive, 2011, überarbeitet 2016

Einteiliges integrales Modell über den Zusammenhang des Enneagramms (Typen, Subtypen, Trost- und Stresspunkte, Flügel) mit Stufen, Zuständen, Linien und Quadranten

Linklose Artikel

Boris Fittkau (*1964) deutscher Diplom-Informatiker, Softwareentwickler, Enneagramm-Seminarleiter, Das Enneagramm und
die neun Formen der Liebe, präsentiert von der aufgelösten deutschen Monatszeitschrift Connection, S. 10/11, März 2006

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[Edit]

External web links (engl.)

Wikipedia entries Enneagram, Nine

Article The Harmonic Approaches, presented by the website fitzel.ca, undated

The competency group is composed of types 3-1-5. [Producers – Macher]
The emotional realness (intensity) group is composed of types 6-4-8. [Pushers – Drücker]]
The positive outlook group is composed of types 9-2-7. [Entertainers – Unterhalter]

Linkless article

Article Levels of Consciousness and the Enneagram, first published in The Enneagram Journal, peer-reviewed publication of the International Enneagram Association, volume 2, 2010, Deborah Ooten and Beth O'Hara, presented by Conscious Living Center, August 2010

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Audio- und Videolinks

[Edit]

Audio and video links (engl.)

Video Interview with Sandra Maitri, US American artist, master teacher of the Ridhwan School, enneagram teacher, author, Sandra Maitri 1 – 'The Enneagram Passions and Virtues' – Interview by Iain McNay, text, presented by the British Conscious.TV, host Iain McNay, British chairman of the independent label Cherry Red Records, recorded before 2008, YouTube film, 9:49 minutes duration of the complete interview 49:31 minutes duration, posted 9. April 2009
YouTube video clip featuring enneagram type #1 Mr. Spock's favorite word, character in the 1966 TV series Star Trek,
Spock – Fascinating!, 1:31 minutes duration, posted 31. July 2009

"Fantastic!"

Video interview with David N. Daniels, M.D., US American clinical professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, Stanford University Medical School, co-author of The Essential Enneagram, David Daniels on the Essential Enneagram, presented by the US American Conscious Media Network via Gaia TV, host Regina Meredith, 49:12 minutes duration, posted January 2010 Subject to fee

"Nine Types: 1 Perfectionist, 2 Giver, 3 Performer, 4 Romantic, 5 Observer, 6 Loyal Skeptic, 7 Epicure, 8 Protector, 9 Mediator

Video presentation by Mark Gungor (*1954) US American pastor, comedian, marriage counselor, international speaker, Lough Your Way: Perfect People, YouTube film, 5:04 minutes duration, posted 28. November 2010

Description of Perfect people: enneagram #1

Video discussion with Janette Blakemore, Rosemarie Morgan-Watson, Phil Dickinson, Enneagram Type 4 – The Romantic, presented by the British Conscious.TV, host Iain McNay, British chairman of the independent label Cherry Red Records, YouTube film, 52:41 minutes duration, posted by conscioustv am 22. February 2011
Video discussion with Phil Wallace, Lynne Sedgmore and Christine Adames, Enneagram Type 8 – The Challenger, presented by the British Conscious.TV, host Iain McNay, British chairman of the independent label Cherry Red Records, YouTube film, 54:05 minutes duration, posted by conscioustv 5. June 2011
Video discussion with James Barlow, Anne Martin, Carlos Silva, Enneagram Type 1 – The Perfectionist, presented by the British Conscious.TV, host Iain McNay, British chairman of the independent label Cherry Red Records, YouTube film,
54:01 minutes duration, posted by conscioustv 7. November 2011
Video discussion with Grahame Morgan-Watson, Judith Priest and Lynne Citroen-Barrat, Enneagram Type 6 – Fear And Courage, presented by the British Conscious.TV, host Iain McNay, British chairman of the independent label Cherry Red Records, YouTube film, 55:53 minutes duration, posted by conscioustv am 23. November 2010
Video discussion with Paul Burrows, Jill Harris and Renate McNay, Enneagram Type 2 – The Helper, presented by the British Conscious.TV, host Iain McNay, British chairman of the independent label Cherry Red Records, YouTube film, 50:15 minutes duration, posted by conscioustv 24. November 2011
Video presentation by Mark Gungor (*1954) US American pastor, comedian, marriage counselor, international speaker,
The 4 Countries of People, YouTube film, 16:19 minutes duration, posted 6. May 2012

The four basic temperaments i.e. personality types were defined by Plato, Aristotle, Galen (2nd century A.D.), refined by Carl Gustav Jung and Myer-Briggs, and included in the nine types of the Enneagram: #1, #7, #8, #9. Greek physician, outstanding figure in the history of medicine, and healer, Hippocrates of Cos (~460-~370 BC) incorporated the Four temperaments into his medical theories.
Minute 0:10: Control country: Slytherin; Choleric control people, #8: "Get it done." Main desire: appreciation and accomplishments
Minute 2:04: Fun country: Gryffindor; Sanguine fun people, #7: "Have fun." Main desire: attention and socializing
Minute 7:13: Perfect country: Ravenclaw; Melancholic perfect people, #1: "Get it right." Strongest desire: sensitivity and compassion
Minute 12:17: Peace country: Hufflepuff; Phlegmatic peace people, #9: "Get along." Main desire: respect and security

Audio interview with Russ Hudson, US American principal Enneagram scholar, co-founder of The Enneagram Institute, cofounder and CEO of Enneagramm Personality Types, author, Enneagram of the Virtues with Russ Hudson, presented by The Shift Network, host Stephen Dinan, US American CEO of The Shift Network, 1:00:06 duration, recorded 10. December 2016

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Interne Links

Englisch Wiki

Hawkins

¹ Hinton Lecture by Sir Samuel Brittan, one of the United Kingdom's foremost political economists, An Ethical Foreign Policy?, Harvard School of Public Health,
24. November 1999 ⇑

² Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachussetts, 1979
Robert O. Keohane, International Liberalism Reconsidered, in: John Dunn, The Economic Limits to Modern Politics, S. 165-194, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachussetts, 1990 ⇑

³ Hinton Lecture by Sir Samuel Brittan, one of the United Kingdom's foremost political economists, An Ethical Foreign Policy?, Harvard School of Public Health,
24. November 1999 ⇑

⁴ Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachussetts, 1979
Robert O. Keohane, International Liberalism Reconsidered, in: John Dunn, The Economic Limits to Modern Politics, S. 165-194, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachussetts, 1990 ⇑

⁵ INTJ Personality Type & Traits, presented by Personality Junkie, Dr. A. J. Drenth, undated ⇑

⁶ INFP Personality Type: The Creative Seeker, presented by Personality Junkie, Dr. A. J. Drenth, undated ⇑

⁷ Lectures on Jung's Typology, Seminar Series, volume 4, Spring Publication, 1. paperback edition January 1983 ⇑

⁸ Famous Choleric people ⇑

⁹ Famous Sanguine people ⇑

¹⁰ Famous Choleric people ⇑

¹¹ Famous Melancholic people ⇑

Anhand der Skala des Bewusstseins (Gradeinteilung von 1-1000), erarbeitet von Dr. David R. Hawkins, hat das Enneagramm (Charaktertypologie) einen Bewusstseinswert von 390. Innerhalb von Hawkins' System rangiert das Enneagramm im Bereich der stark gesellschaftsbildenden Integrität und Akzeptanz.
Quelle: Truth vs. Falsehood. How to Tell the Difference, chapter 17 "Spiritual Truth", S. 398, 2005

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Englische Texte – English section on the Enneagram

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Enneagram triads – K. Horney and G. Gurdjeff

Correlated typology chart

Myers-Briggs typology

Characteristics of the inferior function

List of Socionics types

Characteristics of the INFP type

Characteristics of the four temperaments

Human Design System

Links zum Thema Enneagramm / Enneagram

Literatur

Literature (engl.)

Externe Weblinks

External web links (engl.)

Audio- und Videolinks

Audio and video links (engl.)

Interne Links